Communicable Diseases
- Created by: Abc312
- Created on: 09-05-18 20:50
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- Communicable diseases
- A pathogen is a microorganism that enters the body and causes disease.
- They cause communicable disease that can be easily spread
- Pathogens can spread and infect plants by:
- Water: bathing in or drinking contaminated water
- Air: Can be spread through the air in droplets made when you cough or sneeze.
- Direct contact: Touching something that is infected- sexual contact, skin.
- Spread of disease can be reduced by:
- Being hygienic
- Washing your hands before making food are after sneezing.
- Destroying Vectors
- By getting rid of the things that spread disease you stop it being passed on.
- Isolating infected individuals
- This prevents it from being passed on to anyone else.
- Vaccination
- This means that that person cannot develop the infection and therefore cannot pass it one
- Being hygienic
- Viruses
- They are not cells
- Tiny- 1/100th of a bacterium, 1/10000th of a body cell
- Reproduce rapidly inside your body.
- Live inside cells and replicate using the cells machinery
- The cell will eventually burst
- It is the cell damage that makes you feel ill.
- The cell will eventually burst
- Live inside cells and replicate using the cells machinery
- HIV
- Spread by sexual contact or exchanging bodily fluids (like drugs needles)
- Initially causes flu-like symptoms lasting a few weeks.
- Usually doesn't cause any more symptoms for a few years.
- In this time it is controlled with antiretroviral drugs
- Usually doesn't cause any more symptoms for a few years.
- The virus attacks immune cells
- Once the immune system is too badly damaged it is called late stage HIV or AIDS
- This is where the body can no longer cope with other infections or cancers
- TMV- Tobacco mosaic virus
- Affects loads of plants including tomatoes
- Causes discolouration on the leaf in a mosaic pattern
- This reduces the light that can get to the leaf which reduces photosynthesis.
- This stunts the growth of the plant.
- This reduces the light that can get to the leaf which reduces photosynthesis.
- Measles
- Spread by droplets from an infected person's sneeze/cough
- The symptoms are a red skin rash and signs of fever
- Can be very serious or fatal if there are complications.
- Can lead to pneumonia ( a lung infection) or encephalitis (a brain infection)
- Young children are vaccinated against it.
- Bacteria
- Very small cells (1/100th of the size of a body cell)
- Reproduce rapidly inside your body
- They produce toxins that damage cells
- This is what makes you feel ill/
- They produce toxins that damage cells
- Salmonella
- A type of food poisoning
- Spread by bacteria from contaminated food or food made in unhygienic conditions.
- It is controlled in the UK by vaccinating poultry against it.
- The symptoms are a fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
- This is caused by the toxins from the bacteria
- Gonorrhoea
- An STD.
- Spread by sexual contact
- The symptoms are pain when urinating and a thick yellow/green discharge from the vagina or penis.
- Treated with penicillin but now there are lots of resistant strains
- Spread controlled by using barrier contraception(condoms)
- An STD.
- Protists
- Malaria
- The malarial protist takes part of its lifecycle in the mosquito.
- Causes repeated episodes of fever
- Can be fatal
- The spread can be controlled by stopping mosquitos breeding, using insecticides and mosquito nets.
- Most are single sealed and all are eukaryotes.
- Some are parasites that live on or inside other organisms causing them damage.
- They are often transferred by a vector thatdoesn't get the disease itself.
- Malaria
- Fungi
- Rose black spot
- Purple or black spots develop on the leaves
- The leaves often turn yellow and fall off early
- It causes less photosynthesis to happens it stunts plant growth.
- It is spread by water or wind
- Can be treated by using fungicides or removing and destroying affected leaves
- Purple or black spots develop on the leaves
- Some are single-celled others have a body made from hyphae(thread-like substances)
- The hyphae can grow and penetrate human skin and plant surfaces
- The hyphae produce spores which can spread to other animalsand plants.
- Rose black spot
- A pathogen is a microorganism that enters the body and causes disease.
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