Cologne 1626-1634
- Created by: hannahbrazell15
- Created on: 01-06-21 13:53
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- Cologne 1626-1634
- Key People
- Katharina Henot
- German Postmaster
- possibly the first German postmaster
- The Imperial court heard the case of the Henots vs Count Leonhard, the witch-hunts began shortly after
- Leonhard wanted to create a central post office
- In 1627, a nun became 'obsessed' and rumours soon 'pointed out' Henot who was arrested alongside her brother
- She refused to admit anyone under extreme torture
- Despite this, she was deemed guilty and was burned at the stake for sorcery
- Significance of her case
- The trial was judicially incorrect
- the Judicial processes had not been followed or applied fairly or correclty
- thought that she was a victim of a conspiracy in her area to remover her from her role
- she was a powerful local figure
- Whilst the torture was legally allowed, they did not follow the legal processes properly
- they used torture and when she didn't confess, they treated her as if she had
- The law was not applied at all
- The trial was judicially incorrect
- German Postmaster
- Prince-Elector Ferdinand, Archbishop of Cologne
- About 2000 people were burned between 1626-1634 under the reign of the Prince-Elector Ferdinand, Archbishop of Cologne
- There were few witchcraft persecutions during the first 15 years of Ferdinand's rule
- Got involved in the witch hunts after they'd gathered momentum
- Appointed witch-commissioners to establish control over the situation
- However, these commissioners soon got out of control, implementing their own policies and terrorising whole regions
- Appointed witch-commissioners to establish control over the situation
- Had bad relations outside of Cologne, such as with the Holy Roman Emperor
- Friedrich Spee
- Fierce opponent of the Cologne witch-craze
- Argued strongly against the use of torture
- What he proposed
- The accused should be provided with a lawyer and a legal defence
- Most prisoners will confess to anything under torture to stop the pain
- Condemning the accused for not confessing under torture is absurd
- Torture does not produce truth
- The accusations against the alleged accomplices stemming from torture were of little value
- Katharina Henot
- The hunts were not being done properly or legally
- They were punishing people who would have been thought, even back then, to be innocent
- eg. Katharina Henot
- seems that they used accusations of witchcraft as an excuse to punish people
- Fight for power rather than fight against witchcraft?
- About 2000 people were burned
- Sterted due to a series of crop failures
- There was a lack of cohesion between the people and the rulers
- Significant split in age between those who confessed and those who refused to do so
- Only those under the age of 30 confessed
- Those who confessed were confused by the devil
- Only those under the age of 30 confessed
- Largest city in the Empire
- The city itself was a free imperial city
- The only city during the reformation to remain wholly Catholic
- New judges were coming into power who were more interested in persecutions than those before them
- Key People
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