COLLECTIVISATION IN RUSSIA
- Created by: Ella_Richardson
- Created on: 17-10-16 15:38
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- Collectivisation
- SOCIAL COSTS
- punishments for peasants who didn't keep up with procurement quotas
- dekulakisation
- 10 million killed from resistance or deported
- ideology
- dekulakisation
- 150,000 peasants forced to move North to poorer land
- 15% of households destroyed
- system of passports forbade peasants from leaving kolkhozes (1932)
- prevented peasants from leaving famine-stricken areas
- armed forces dealt with unrest brutally- stealing one ear of corn resulted in death
- famine 1932-1934 in Ukraine and Kazakhstan 7-10 million people died
- some say intentional to take political control
- punishments for peasants who didn't keep up with procurement quotas
- ECONOMIC BENEFITS
- initial food quotas were met and sufficient to support industrialisation and urban workers
- ECONOMIC COSTS
- farm production fell to 1913 levels and didn't recover until the 1930s
- grain and livestock were destroyed by peasants - 30% of animals
- kulaks wanted to disguise themselves
- grain output didn't exceed pre-collectivisation levels until 1935 and 1953 for livestock
- unskilled party activists slowed down the economy by managing farms
- skilled farmers removed by dekulakisation
- POLITICAL BENEFITS
- able to remove Bukharin as Stalin moved towards a fast revolution
- Bukharin favoured slower movement
- destroying the kulaks gave Stalin a degree of control over the peasants
- allowed USSR to extend control over countryside through party officials
- although, Stalin only visited the countryside once, so was very dependent on his commissars
- POLITICAL COSTS
- Collectivisation
- SOCIAL COSTS
- punishments for peasants who didn't keep up with procurement quotas
- dekulakisation
- 10 million killed from resistance or deported
- ideology
- dekulakisation
- 150,000 peasants forced to move North to poorer land
- 15% of households destroyed
- system of passports forbade peasants from leaving kolkhozes (1932)
- prevented peasants from leaving famine-stricken areas
- armed forces dealt with unrest brutally- stealing one ear of corn resulted in death
- famine 1932-1934 in Ukraine and Kazakhstan 7-10 million people died
- some say intentional to take political control
- punishments for peasants who didn't keep up with procurement quotas
- ECONOMIC BENEFITS
- initial food quotas were met and sufficient to support industrialisation and urban workers
- ECONOMIC COSTS
- farm production fell to 1913 levels and didn't recover until the 1930s
- grain and livestock were destroyed by peasants - 30% of animals
- kulaks wanted to disguise themselves
- grain output didn't exceed pre-collectivisation levels until 1935 and 1953 for livestock
- unskilled party activists slowed down the economy by managing farms
- skilled farmers removed by dekulakisation
- POLITICAL BENEFITS
- able to remove Bukharin as Stalin moved towards a fast revolution
- Bukharin favoured slower movement
- destroying the kulaks gave Stalin a degree of control over the peasants
- allowed USSR to extend control over countryside through party officials
- although, Stalin only visited the countryside once, so was very dependent on his commissars
- POLITICAL COSTS
- having more control over the peasants did not solve the resistance
- 1930- collectivised villagers rose up with machine guns and chased officials out of towns, killing chairmen- took 1 month for Stalin to claim control
- POLITICAL COSTS
- although, Stalin only visited the countryside once, so was very dependent on his commissars
- able to remove Bukharin as Stalin moved towards a fast revolution
- IDEOLOGY BENEFITS
- liquidation of kulaks removed class structure
- removed free market
- so successful that Stalin had to break from it in 1941
- activists being too ruthless
- 100% of farms collectivised by 1941
- Stalin's Machiavellian attitude meant that social costs didn't matter to him
- 25% target by 1930- 58% achieved
- SOCIAL COSTS
- having more control over the peasants did not solve the resistance
- 1930- collectivised villagers rose up with machine guns and chased officials out of towns, killing chairmen- took 1 month for Stalin to claim control
- Collectivisation
- POLITICAL COSTS
- although, Stalin only visited the countryside once, so was very dependent on his commissars
- able to remove Bukharin as Stalin moved towards a fast revolution
- IDEOLOGY BENEFITS
- liquidation of kulaks removed class structure
- removed free market
- so successful that Stalin had to break from it in 1941
- activists being too ruthless
- 100% of farms collectivised by 1941
- Stalin's Machiavellian attitude meant that social costs didn't matter to him
- 25% target by 1930- 58% achieved
- SOCIAL COSTS
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