Cognitive (STM & LTM)
- Created by: gabbyb98
- Created on: 14-03-15 21:17
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- Cognitive (STM & LTM)
- LTM
- Duration
- unlimited
- Bahrick et al. (1975) - recall yearbook photos. After 48 years they were around 70% accurate
- Evaluation: high ecological validity. Hard to control variables.
- Capacity
- unlimited
- Encoding
- Baddeley (1966)In the STM study,
participants were asked immediately after presentation, to recall, in
serial order, a list of five words taken from a pool of words
- In the LTM study, each list of words was extended to ten, and recall was tested after an interval of twenty minutes
- Conclusions; STM relies heavily on acoustic codingLTM primarily makes use of semantic coding
- Evaluation: lacks ecological valdity. Evidence from other studies shows that, in certain circumstances, both STM and LTM can use diffrent methods of encoding.
- STM
- Capacity
- Jacobs (1887) - P's read a list of letter OR digits and asked to recall them
immediately. Length of list was increased until recall was incorrect.
- Conclusion
STM has a capacity of 7 ± 2 items of info.
- Miller (1956) - digit span of 7 +/- 2 in STM
- Evaluation:Artifical, lacks ecological valdity
- Conclusion
STM has a capacity of 7 ± 2 items of info.
- Miller (1956) - digit span of 7 +/- 2 in STM
- Postcodes are based on chunking
- Jacobs (1887) - P's read a list of letter OR digits and asked to recall them
immediately. Length of list was increased until recall was incorrect.
- Duration
- Peterson and Peterson (1959) - gave
participants consonant syllables (non-meaningful) followed by a 3-digit
number. Participants had to count back from number in 3s or 4s for seconds before recalling the syllable. After 3
seconds: 90%. After 18 seconds: 2%.
- Marsh et al. (1997) - duration may only be 2 seconds if participants don't expect to recall info
- Evaluation: lacks ecological valdity ( lab experiment) only one type of stimuls was used
- Peterson and Peterson (1959) - gave
participants consonant syllables (non-meaningful) followed by a 3-digit
number. Participants had to count back from number in 3s or 4s for seconds before recalling the syllable. After 3
seconds: 90%. After 18 seconds: 2%.
- Capacity
- Baddeley (1966)In the STM study,
participants were asked immediately after presentation, to recall, in
serial order, a list of five words taken from a pool of words
- Duration
- Encoding
- Baddeley (1966)In the STM study,
participants were asked immediately after presentation, to recall, in
serial order, a list of five words taken from a pool of words
- In the LTM study, each list of words was extended to ten, and recall was tested after an interval of twenty minutes
- Conclusions; STM relies heavily on acoustic codingLTM primarily makes use of semantic coding
- Evaluation: lacks ecological valdity. Evidence from other studies shows that, in certain circumstances, both STM and LTM can use diffrent methods of encoding.
- STM
- Capacity
- Jacobs (1887) - P's read a list of letter OR digits and asked to recall them
immediately. Length of list was increased until recall was incorrect.
- Conclusion
STM has a capacity of 7 ± 2 items of info.
- Evaluation:Artifical, lacks ecological valdity
- Conclusion
STM has a capacity of 7 ± 2 items of info.
- Postcodes are based on chunking
- Jacobs (1887) - P's read a list of letter OR digits and asked to recall them
immediately. Length of list was increased until recall was incorrect.
- Duration
- Peterson and Peterson (1959) - gave
participants consonant syllables (non-meaningful) followed by a 3-digit
number. Participants had to count back from number in 3s or 4s for seconds before recalling the syllable. After 3
seconds: 90%. After 18 seconds: 2%.
- Marsh et al. (1997) - duration may only be 2 seconds if participants don't expect to recall info
- Evaluation: lacks ecological valdity ( lab experiment) only one type of stimuls was used
- Peterson and Peterson (1959) - gave
participants consonant syllables (non-meaningful) followed by a 3-digit
number. Participants had to count back from number in 3s or 4s for seconds before recalling the syllable. After 3
seconds: 90%. After 18 seconds: 2%.
- Capacity
- Baddeley (1966)In the STM study,
participants were asked immediately after presentation, to recall, in
serial order, a list of five words taken from a pool of words
- LTM
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