Multi-Store Model of Memory
- Created by: Kerry
- Created on: 11-03-14 20:20
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- Cognitive Psychology: Memory - The MSM
- Atkinson and Shriffon argued there are three memory stores:
- Short-term store
- Some information is the Sensory store is paid ATTENTION to and processed further by the short-term store
- According to the theory information from the environment is initially received by the sensory stores - there is sensory store for each sense
- Maintenance rehearsal is needed to keep information in the short term store - without this information would decay (forgotten)
- Some information is the Sensory store is paid ATTENTION to and processed further by the short-term store
- Sensory Memory
- According to the theory information from the environment is initially received by the sensory stores - there is sensory store for each sense
- Long-term store
- Elaborative rehearsal is needed for information to be processed from the short term store to the long term store
- Short-term store
- Some information is the Sensory store is paid ATTENTION to and processed further by the short-term store
- Maintenance rehearsal is needed to keep information in the short term store - without this information would decay (forgotten)
- Some information is the Sensory store is paid ATTENTION to and processed further by the short-term store
- Short-term store
- Information can be brought back to the short term store through retrieval
- Elaborative rehearsal is needed for information to be processed from the short term store to the long term store
- Short-term store
- Assumptions of the MSM
- SM, STM and LTM are all separate, single stores
- There is differences in capacity, duration and encoding of each of the stores
- STM - 7 +/-2 items, short duration and acoustically/ visually encoded
- LTM - potentially unlimited, potentially forever, semantically encoded
- Each of the stores undergoes different processes
- STM - have to pay attention in order for it to be stored in STM
- Maintenance rehearsal is needed for information not to decay from STM
- Elaborative rehearsal is needed for information to be transferred to LTM
- Supports MSM assumptions
- Brain scans
- Findings: LTM tasks activate the Hippocampus STM tasks activate the preforental cortex
- Tihs supports the prediction that the MSM are seperate stores
- This is strong supporting evidence as it is scientific and factual
- Findings: LTM tasks activate the Hippocampus STM tasks activate the preforental cortex
- Glantzer & Cunitz
- Rehearsal aids recall as words at the beginning of the list are recalled correctly at a higher percentage
- Strong support as was a lab experiment so high control of extraneous variables, used standardised procedures so results are replicable and more reilable
- Primacy effect - the words at beginning of list have chance to be rehearsed so will transfer to LTM
- Recency effect - words at the end of the list are still accessible in the STM
- Found that when rehearsal was prevented the recency affect disappears
- Rehearsal is needed to keep information in the STM
- STM and LTM are separate stores
- Found that when rehearsal was prevented the recency affect disappears
- Rehearsal aids recall as words at the beginning of the list are recalled correctly at a higher percentage
- Brain scans
- Contradicts MSM assumptions
- Spiers et al
- Studied sufferers of amnesia and found patients could remember some parts of their life but not others
- Suggests the LTM has substores which isnt predicted by the MSM, these are: procedural, semantic and episodic
- Therefore the LTM isnt a single store as the MSM assumes, the MSM is reductionist and too simplistic
- Suggests the LTM has substores which isnt predicted by the MSM, these are: procedural, semantic and episodic
- Studied sufferers of amnesia and found patients could remember some parts of their life but not others
- Untitled
- Shallice & Warrington
- Studied a man called KF who had brain damage, he could only recall visually presented information and not acoustic information from his STM
- Suggests that STM is not a single store because if some of it was broken, all of it would be broken, the MSM is reductionist and too simplistic
- Research isnt strong contradicting evidence as it is a case study - this makes it unreplicable due to ethical issues so therefore less reliable
- Also research is into a broken brain so cannot be generalised to the general population
- Studied a man called KF who had brain damage, he could only recall visually presented information and not acoustic information from his STM
- Spiers et al
- Atkinson and Shriffon argued there are three memory stores:
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