Cognitive psychology basics 2

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  • cognitive psychology 2
    • approaches to studying cognition
      • Experimental cognition
        • experimenter controls variables to study one particular variable or system
        • Structures are deduced indirectly as a result of measurements of accuracy
      • Cognitive neuropsychology
        • cognitive systems deduced based upon brain injuries or abnormalities
          • very small sample. relies heavily on double dissociations
        • assumes modularity of mind (Fodor, 1983) - one area damages one particular or a set of functions are affected
      • Cognitive neuroscience
        • Brain imaging techniques - Single unit recording, EEG, PET, fMRI, TMS
      • Computational cognition
        • Artificial intelligence - physical electronics and computer programs
        • Connectionism -  explaining intellectual abilities using artificial neural networks
        • Abstract associative networs
    • Applications of cognitive psychology
      • product design - artificial intelligence
      • Visual behaviour such as driving and road safety
      • Object/face recognition i.e. airport security
      • Social interaction - social perception, ingroups/outgroups
    • Information flow
      • Bottom-up
        • data driven
        • begins with an analysis of sensory input
        • perception is built up from low level information
      • Top-down
        • Concept driven
        • high-level cognitive influences
        • Knowledge and experience influence our perceptions of the world
      • Serial processing
        • Piecemeal processing - bottle-neck and sequential
      • Parallel processing
        • Bulk processing - late/no bottleneck, consecutive

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