Cognitive Psychology
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- Created by: naomi_brightt
- Created on: 01-05-19 16:02
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- Cognitive Psychology
- Four Memory Theories
- Working Memory Model
- Dual task Hypothesis; doing 2 similar tasks at the same time is much harder than doing 2 different tasks, STM only
- Central Executive; decides how attention is directed, no storage capacity
- Phonological loop; only auditory and focuses on how it comes in
- Auditory Store; holds speech based information for 1-2 seconds
- Articulatory control process; rehearses verbal info to keep it in the stor
- Visuospatial Sketchpad; holds info for a very short time, used when planning spatial tasks ie walikng to school
- Episodic Buffer; general storage space, intergrates info from all parts of this model
- Multi-Store Model
- Sensory Register; info from senses, limited capacity, lasts a few seconds, its stored the way it comes in
- concentrate on something
- Short Term memory; can hold 7+/- 2 items, lasts for 18-30 secs, stored auditorily, you have to rehears it in order for it to stay here
- rehearse it enough
- recall it
- Short Term memory; can hold 7+/- 2 items, lasts for 18-30 secs, stored auditorily, you have to rehears it in order for it to stay here
- concentrate on something
- Short Term memory; can hold 7+/- 2 items, lasts for 18-30 secs, stored auditorily, you have to rehears it in order for it to stay here
- rehearse it enough
- recall it
- Long Term memory; it is potentially limitless, can potentially store forever, stored semantically
- Sensory Register; info from senses, limited capacity, lasts a few seconds, its stored the way it comes in
- Episodic and Semantic Theory (LTM)
- Episodic memory; specific evevnts, times and dates, auto-biographical so you encode what you think is important
- Semantic memory; what things mean, facts or rules, encoded by what it means, allows you to work out things you don't already know
- Reconstructive Memory
- The theory that memories aren't exact copies, they're affected by our schemas, if the memory conflicts with a schema, we change it to fit it
- Schemas: an organised package of information containing our knowledge about the world
- Reconstructive memory is where there are gaps in our our knowledge and fill them in with our stereotypes, we confabulate
- The theory that memories aren't exact copies, they're affected by our schemas, if the memory conflicts with a schema, we change it to fit it
- Working Memory Model
- Method
- Effectors
- Participnat Variables; Ps may bring different characteristics to the study that effect the DV
- Situational Variables; such as lighting, noise, temeprature etc
- Experimentor Effects; the way an experimentor causes the participant to change their behaviour by their presence
- Demand Characteristics; when the participant guesses the aim of the study and changes their actions because of this
- Experimental Designs
- Independent Groups; divided into groups, each group does one condition
- + less likely to guess the aims of the study - you need double the Ps
- Repeated Measures; all partake in all conditions
- + less Ps are needed - Ps are more likely to display demand characteristics
- Matched Pairs; participants are matched by important characteristics and are assigned to each condition
- + all Ps compared fairly - time consuming
- Independent Groups; divided into groups, each group does one condition
- Inferential Statistics
- Levels; nominal (only 1 category), ordinal (order matters) and interval (the difference in values matter)
- Type 1 error; false positive, reject the null
- Type 2 error; false negative, fail to reject the null
- Effectors
- Studies
- Classic
- Evaluation
- Contemporary
- Evaluation
- Key Question
- Explanation
- Discussion
- Classic
- Practical Investigation
- Basics
- Our version of Baddeley study
- No 15 minute 8 digit word task, only the 4 trials
- Our STM results were the opposite to his; Ps recalled accoustically similar words more accurately than dissimilar
- Our LTM results were the same however; Ps recalled semantically dissimilar words more accurately
- Our version of Baddeley study
- Basics
- Four Memory Theories
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