Cognitive explanations-Cognitive distortions- A01
- Created by: MollyL20
- Created on: 22-10-21 09:35
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- Cognitive explanations-Cognitive distortions
- 1. Errors or biases in people information processing system characterised by faulty thinking.
- 2.We all occasionally show evidence of faulty thinking for example, the way in which criminals interpret other people’s behaviour and justify their own actions.
- Hostile attribution bias
- 1. Cognitive style which assumes that other people’s actions are in some way a negative reaction on the self.
- 2. It is measured using hypothetical description or portrayal which can be interpreted as hostile/ambiguous or kind/warm.
- 3. There is a relationship between hostile attribution bias and aggression
- 4. Cues from behaviour are misinterpreted- this leads to a hostile response- the response can be an aggressive act.
- 6. Holtzworth a-Munroe & Hutchinson say a link between hostile attribution bias and domestic violence.
- 5. Epps and Kendal gathered college students who had high scores of angers and aggression demonstrated high levels of anger and hostility when tested for hostile attribution bias even when the situation was kind/not hostile.
- 7. Hostile attribution theory is not linked to planned aggression as there is no immediate reaction that is or can be misinterpreted
- Minimilisation
- 1. A cognitive distortion where the offenders minimise their
criminal behaviour by not accepting full reality, rationalise their action,
shift the blame to a victim, or downplay. This allows them to deal with the
guilt, allows for denial and gives themselves an excuse.
- 2. For example, burglars may describe themselves as ‘doing a job’ or ‘supporting my family’.
- 3. Barbee found among 26 incarcerated rapists, 54% denied they had committed an offence at all and further 40% minimised the harm that they had caused to the victim.
- 5. Pollock and Hashmall reported that 35% of a sample of child molesters argued that the crime they and committed was non-sexual and 36% stated the victim had consented.
- 4. Maruna and Mann state the minimalisation is a good strategy to dela with guilt- a psychologically health strategy. It looks less at why they committed the crime but ‘how to cope with its afterwards’
- 1. A cognitive distortion where the offenders minimise their
criminal behaviour by not accepting full reality, rationalise their action,
shift the blame to a victim, or downplay. This allows them to deal with the
guilt, allows for denial and gives themselves an excuse.
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