Biological Approach
- Created by: Emily Allcorn
- Created on: 14-01-19 19:58
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- Cognitive Approach
- Assumptions
- combo of biology and psychology (physiology)
- mind lives in the brain, thoughts, feelings and behaviour all have a biological / physical basis
- genes, neuro chemistry, brain structure and the nervous system are all responsible for behaviour
- behaviour has a genetic and neurochemicalbasis
- behaviour is adaptive and has evolutionary purpose
- Twin studies
- Monozygotic twins (mz) - share 100% genes.
- if one got depression you'd expect the other would too
- dizygotic twins (dz) - share 50% genes.
- Gottesman and Shields (1966)
- tested schz in 24 MZ twins and 33 DZ twins. Concordance rates for severe schz was 75% for MZ and 24% for DZ
- natural environment and links can be seen
- population validity, hard to generalise.
- twins share the same environment, harder to see if there are genetic factors or not
- Monozygotic twins (mz) - share 100% genes.
- Family studies
- Weissmen et al (2005)
- longitudinal research into 3 generations
- grandchildren were 60% more likely to develop depression if grandparents had it
- longitudinal - rich in detail
- hard to generalise
- if all natural abilities and genes are inherited then we should be able to see traits and behaviours within families
- concordance rates to measure influence
- Weissmen et al (2005)
- Nature VS Nurture
- phenotype = how genes are expressed physically, we can see them such as hair colour, this can have environmental influence
- genotype = genetic codes in DNA that is inherited and passed between generations
- Biological structures
- brain hemisphere
- endocrine system is where hormones are secreted
- nervous system is where messages are carried
- Assumptions
- higher concordance = higher chance the trait is genetic
- when researching we look for concordance
- lower concordance = higher chance the trait is environmental
- concordance is the extent the same characteristics are shared
- Genetic basis of behaviour
- we are born with 23 chromosomes which form the basis of development
- biological approach uses humans to determine if illnesses etc have a genetic or environmental influence
- twin, adoption and family studies are used
- Cognitive Approach
- Assumptions
- combo of biology and psychology (physiology)
- mind lives in the brain, thoughts, feelings and behaviour all have a biological / physical basis
- genes, neuro chemistry, brain structure and the nervous system are all responsible for behaviour
- behaviour has a genetic and neurochemicalbasis
- behaviour is adaptive and has evolutionary purpose
- Twin studies
- Monozygotic twins (mz) - share 100% genes.
- if one got depression you'd expect the other would too
- dizygotic twins (dz) - share 50% genes.
- Gottesman and Shields (1966)
- tested schz in 24 MZ twins and 33 DZ twins. Concordance rates for severe schz was 75% for MZ and 24% for DZ
- natural environment and links can be seen
- population validity, hard to generalise.
- twins share the same environment, harder to see if there are genetic factors or not
- Monozygotic twins (mz) - share 100% genes.
- Family studies
- Weissmen et al (2005)
- longitudinal research into 3 generations
- grandchildren were 60% more likely to develop depression if grandparents had it
- longitudinal - rich in detail
- hard to generalise
- if all natural abilities and genes are inherited then we should be able to see traits and behaviours within families
- concordance rates to measure influence
- Weissmen et al (2005)
- Nature VS Nurture
- phenotype = how genes are expressed physically, we can see them such as hair colour, this can have environmental influence
- genotype = genetic codes in DNA that is inherited and passed between generations
- Biological structures
- brain hemisphere
- endocrine system is where hormones are secreted
- nervous system is where messages are carried
- Assumptions
- when researching we look for concordance
- if one got depression the other could too, but it is less likely
- Adoption studies
- looks at people being separated
- Neurochemistry
- dopamine = reward, pleasure and motivation
- oxytocin = love
- serotonin = mood
- neurotransmitters - messengers that travel through neurons to control behaviour
- knowledge helped drug therapy
- Evolution
- however free will?
- Darwin (1859) proposed natural selection
- genes are best suited to an environment, making it more likely to survive
- behaviours such as phobias and aggression are then explained
- hard to separate nature and nurture
- identical and non-identical twins and members of the same family all have genetic simulates, so any similarity in the way they behave must be genetic from a biological perspective
- the fact that family members are exposed to similar conditions is a CV. this is a problem as findings can be easily interpreted as supporting nurture over nature
- Overall Evaluation
- drug therapy
- real life application, increased understanding of biochemical processes in the brain has led to the development of psychoactive drugs that treat serious mental disorders such as depression
- scientific method, controlled setting, validity and replicability, based on reliable data
- reductionist - environmental influences are ignored
- the approach is deterministic, as it sees that human behaviour is governed by internal biological causes, not free will
- causal conclusion about neurotransmitters are hard to estabish, as the approach claims to discover causes where only an association exists
- drug therapy
- identical and non-identical twins and members of the same family all have genetic simulates, so any similarity in the way they behave must be genetic from a biological perspective
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