Cognitive Psychology
- Created by: EliseJ
- Created on: 28-05-18 09:46
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- Cognitive
- Defining
- Cognitive psychologistbelieve mind like information processor
- major influence on human behaviour + emotion = how mind processes info
- compare brain to computer
- Info comes into computer through keyboard - info comes through senses
- computer then runs programs to process info - humans process info via CNS + brain
- Computer output = printing - human output = behaviour
- computer then runs programs to process info - humans process info via CNS + brain
- models/theories of memory
- memory is single term reflecting number of different abilities
- 3 processes = encoding, storage, retrieval
- Multi-Store model = Atkinson & Shriffin
- DIAGRAM
- Working memory model = Baddeley & Hitch
- DIAGRAM
- Episodic + Semantic memory as explanation for LTM
- Tulving - make distinction between semantic and episodic memory
- knowledge that we hold in semantic + episodic memories focuses on knowing that something is the case
- both cases declaring what we know - both fall under type of LTM = declarative memory
- Episodic memory = memory of autobiographical events - dependent on context of events which info initially learned - is susceptible to transformation
- Semantic memory = learn new facts - may once have had personal context but now stand alone as simple knowledge
- knowledge that we hold in semantic + episodic memories focuses on knowing that something is the case
- gradual transition from episodic to semantic memory can take place - episodic memory reduces its sensitivity + association to particular events
- info can be generalised as semantic memory
- Tulving - make distinction between semantic and episodic memory
- Reconstructive memory - Bartlett
- remembering the past requires an attempt to reconstruct events experienced previously
- schemas = templates based on past experiences that we use to fill the gaps within a story w/expectations
- memory is single term reflecting number of different abilities
- Individual differences and developmental psychology
- Indiv differences in how we encode/ process & output info
- brain damage can have same effect on different indivs - HM show hippocampusplays important role in memory
- however, will also be effect differences of damage between indivs as each case/person is unique
- brain damage can have same effect on different indivs - HM show hippocampusplays important role in memory
- reconstructive memory suggests we remember using schemas + that everyones schemas are indiv - depending on experiences
- episodic memories are by nature individual - about individual episode in lives
- Tulving suggests there is a difference between episodic & semantic memories
- Indiv differences in how we encode/ process & output info
- Defining
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