Cognition on Gender- Kolberg's Theory
- Created by: belllily
- Created on: 03-04-18 14:53
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- Cognition on Gender - Kohlberg's Theory
- A cognitive developmental approach to gender; thinking is pivotal in development.
- Kolberg also applied this view to moral development.
- Draws on Piaget's ideas that maturation of the brain explains development.
- A staged theory of development. Each stage due to maturation of brain.
- Stage 1: Gender Labelling
- Age 2-3
- Children have ability to label gender of selves and others.
- Based only on superficial stereotypes.
- Piaget: Thinking is pre-operational. Has face logic but lacks internal logic and consistency.
- Stage 3: Gender Constancy
- Age 6
- Gender remains constant over time and situation.
- Begin to learn "gender appropriate behaviours".
- Seek role models to imitate and internalise sex-role behaviours.
- Based on Piaget's 'state of conservation'.
- Begin to learn "gender appropriate behaviours".
- Research Critisim of Constancy
- Martin and Little: children under 4 have no signs of stability or constancy but strong stereotyping.
- 4 year olds are supposedly not in state of conservation but only need to acquire knowledge of gender to form schema and label
- Contradicts Kolberg and may support Schema Theory.
- 4 year olds are supposedly not in state of conservation but only need to acquire knowledge of gender to form schema and label
- Martin and Little: children under 4 have no signs of stability or constancy but strong stereotyping.
- Gender Differences
- Found that boys have constancy before girls
- Found that boys resist other gender-type behaviours over girls.
- May be explained as male role models may be seen as more powerful- they are more likely to provoke identification and boys not identifying is more likely to receive punishment.
- Found that boys have constancy before girls
- This is a Social Learning Theory explanation.
- Therefore, Kolberg's theory may be incomplete and require elements of SLT to make complete explanation.
- May be explained as male role models may be seen as more powerful- they are more likely to provoke identification and boys not identifying is more likely to receive punishment.
- Stage 2: Gender Stability
- Age 4
- Aware that gender is constant over time but not situation.
- Based on superficial and behavioural stereotypes.
- If behaviour changes, gender changes, but swayed by superficial stereotypes.
- Based on superficial and behavioural stereotypes.
- Research Support of 3 Stages
- Thomson: gender labelling 76% correct at age 2, 90% at age 3
- Increase in ability with age in line with Kolberg's Labelling stage.
- Within one stage so predicted due to brain maturation.
- Increase in ability with age in line with Kolberg's Labelling stage.
- Slaby and Frey: asked questions of gender past and future
- "Will you be a mummy or a daddy?"
- Only recognised gender stable over time at age 3/4
- In line with Kolberg's Stability stage
- Thomson: gender labelling 76% correct at age 2, 90% at age 3
- Stage 1: Gender Labelling
- A cognitive developmental approach to gender; thinking is pivotal in development.
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