coasts

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  • systems and processes
    • high/low energy coastlines
      • high
        • high inputs of energy from large powerful waves
          • due to strong winds long fetches
          • rate of erosion exceeds deposition
            • erosional landforms
      • low
        • low inputs of energy, slow gentle waves
          • gentle winds short fetches
        • sheltered area
          • deposition exceeds rate of erosion
            • depositional landforms
    • sediment sources, cells, budgets
      • sediment cell
        • between 2 prominent headlands where sediment transfers occur
          • eg. flamborough and the wash
        • closed system
          • littoral cells
        • 11 in England and wales
          • put in sub cells eg. christ church bay
      • budgets
        • losses and gains to achieve dynamic equilibrium
          • upset by flooding surges and storms
      • sources
        • erosion, rivers
    • weathering
      • in situ at a particular point
      • chemical
        • chemical reaction where salts may be dissolved and is eroded
          • carbonation, oxidation, solution
      • biological
        • breakdown of rocks by organic activity
          • animal burrows, plant roots, micro organism secretion
      • physical
        • break up of rocks without any chemical changes
          • freeze thaw, salt crystallisation, wetting/drying
    • mass movement
      • downslope movement of material under the force of gravity
        • soil creep, individual soil particles move in zig zag motion. wetting and dying. has terracettes and bent trees.
        • rotational slip, unconsolodated rock, boulder clay, permeable rock overlies, terraced appearance and scarp
        • landslide, block of rock move rapidly down a surface
        • rockfall, break of rock fragments from cliff face creating scree at bottom of cliff. in heavily jointed resistant rock
        • mudflow, rainwater saturates unconsolidated land, reduced pressure and flows down
    • erosion
      • wearing away of land surface over time and removal of material by sea water
        • Hydraulic action, Abrasion, Corrasion, Attrition, Wave quarrying, cavitation, solution (corrosion).
    • transportation
      • movement of sediment through wave action
        • traction, suspension, long shore drift

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