Coasts 2. How are coastal landforms developed?

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  • Created by: DanBish
  • Created on: 04-05-22 12:04
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  • How are coastal landforms developed
    • Coastal landforms develop due to a variety of connected climatic and geomorphic processes.
      • Flows
      • Landforms
        • Erosional
          • Headlands and Bays
            • Headlands and Bays form in discordant coasts - Resistant + Non-resistant rock perpendicular to coast
            • Some Bays or Coves can be formed in concordant coasts - resistant + non-resistant rock parallel to coast - at fault lines.
          • Cliffs and Platforms
            • Cliff forms on resistant rock, wave cut platform is eroded into the bed
            • Wave cut notch undercuts cliff, weakening till collapse
          • Geos and Blowholes
            • Geo is when roof of cave collapses
            • Blowhole forms when water forced upwards, in a joint, to the surface
          • Caves, Arches, Stacks, Stumps
            • Cave formed through erosion
            • Cave widened, forming arch
            • Roof of arch collapses, forming stack
            • Stack erodes, forming stump
        • Depositional
          • Beach
            • Formed during normal wave action
          • Spit, Bar, Tombolo
            • Spit formed when coastline changes angle, longshore drift continues
            • Bar formed when spit crosses bay, forming lagoon
            • Tombolo forms when spit joins an island to mainland
          • Salt Marsh
            • Formed when deposition happens, and clay sticks together through flocculation, in brackish water, forms mud flat
            • Soil forms on mud flat, forming salt marsh
    • Coastal landforms are inter-related and together make up characteristic landscapes.
      • High Energy Coast - Purbeck
        • 3000 mile fetch across North Atlantic, and 30,000m3 sediment from cliff erosion, + 100m3 sediment from Poole Harbour
        • Cliffs + Platforms form, like Mupe Bay, Houns-tout, Durlston Head
        • Headlands and Bays form, like Durdle Door, Lulworth Cove, the Foreland
      • Low Energy Coast - Mississippi Delta
        • Louisiana Coast, 3.2m km2 area, 80 million tonnes of sediment p/y
        • Delta retreating by 50km2 p/y, due to dams, and artificial levees + climate change - increased storms, increased erosion
        • Contains marshes, wetlands, and swamps

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