GCSE Geography Coasts

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  • Created by: Jen677
  • Created on: 21-10-16 14:20
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  • Coasts
    • Weathering
      • Biological
        • weathering caused by living organisms eg tree roots and animals burrowing
      • Chemical
        • Carbonation and Solution
      • Mechanical
        • Freeze Thaw Weathering
          • -When water goes into cracks and the temperature drops water expands. Temp then rises water thawa and weakened rock collapses
        • Exfoliation
          • Outer layer of rock flakes away, due to rock heating up
    • Mass Movement
      • Downhill movement of material due to gravity, causing coast to change shape eg Holbeck house
      • Rockfall
      • Landslide
      • Mudflow
      • Rotational Slip
    • Waves
      • Primary force causing erosion
      • Destructive
        • Constructive
          • Stronger Swash, Smaller backwash. Long compared to height. build up coastlines
        • Strong backwash,weak swash. Short in relation to height.Erode coastline
      • Formed by the wind blowing across the surface creating ripples which grow into waves
      • Constructive
        • Stronger Swash, Smaller backwash. Long compared to height. build up coastlines
    • Erosion
      • Hydraulic Action-sheer force of waves forcing air into cracks
      • Attrition- Broken bits of cliff smash together and get smaller
      • Abrasion-Pebbles grinding over a rocky platform
      • Solution-rocks being dissolved by chemical reaction with seawater
      • Headlands and Bays
        • Differential Erosion
          • When waves attack to coast they erode weak rock first forming a bay
          • A headland is still eroded but at a slower rate
        • Waves refracts around headlands
        • Discordant Coastline-Alternating rock strata perpendicular-headlands and bays formed
          • Concordant- Rock Strata alternating parallel to the waves
      • Wave cut platforms
        • A gently sloping platform of rock that happens between the low and high tide marks- inter tidal range
        • Caused when waves create notches in the cliff, they get bigger overtime. There is then an overhang which collapses as nothing is supporting it.
        • Caused by constructive waves
      • Crack, cave,arch, stack, stump
    • Transportation
      • Traction- rolling pebbles along the sea bed
      • Suspension-small particles carried in water
      • Saltation-bouncing along the sea bed
      • Solution-Minerals dissolved in seawater
      • Longshore Drift
        • The swash moves up the beach at an angle carrying material
        • Due to gravity the pebbles moves down the beach at 90 degrees
    • Landforms of Deposition
      • Beach
        • Build up of shingle and sand
          • Sandy beaches found in sheltered areas
          • Untitled
      • Spit
        • Long narrow ***** of sand that is going in to the sea
        • Spurn Point
      • Bar
        • A spit joined at both ends, forming a lagoon behind
        • Slapton Key

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