tsunami in indonesia region as
- Created by: aml1
- Created on: 12-05-17 20:34
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- COASTAL FLOODING : TSUNAMI, SOUTHERN ASIA, 2004
- 26TH DECEMBER
- Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India
- tsunami went through the bay on Bengal at around 800km/hour. took two hours to hit coast.
- tsunami reached more than 2km inland in the NE Sri Lanka
- waves up to 30m high struck Sumatra (Indonesia) within minutes
- epicentre was off western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia
- sub-marine earthquake in the Indian Ocean
- 9.0 on Richter scale
- HUMAN CAUSES
- mangrove forests protected parts of Sri Lankan coast, absorbing NRG
- pressure for tourist development and creation of prawn fischeries led to he destruction of these forests and other places around the Indian Ocean
- Thailand has lost around HALF of its mangrove forests since 1975 (!)
- waves can reach further inland and flooding was much worse than in areas protected by these forests
- Thailand has lost around HALF of its mangrove forests since 1975 (!)
- pressure for tourist development and creation of prawn fischeries led to he destruction of these forests and other places around the Indian Ocean
- healthy coral reefs surrounding Maldives acted as a breakwater, reducing the power of the waves
- illegal coral mining and the use of dynamite in 'blast fishing' destroyed offshore sites.
- no more natural protection
- illegal coral mining and the use of dynamite in 'blast fishing' destroyed offshore sites.
- mangrove forests protected parts of Sri Lankan coast, absorbing NRG
- SOCIAL EFFECTS
- deadliest tsunami ever recorded. est. 230 000 people killed or missing
- est. 1.7 M people homeless
- sources of fresh drinking water polluted by sewage or saltwater
- est. 400,000 lost their jobs in Sri Lanka alone
- ECONOMIC EFFECTS
- cost of initial damage between $8 BN and $15 BN
- fishing is important for economy. boats, nets, equipment destroyed or lost, livelihood of fishermen
- salinization (inc of salt content)of land has reduced soil fertility.
- crop production will be lower for several years to come. poor harvests
- tourism is important to economy of many affected.
- 25% hotels in Thailand closed for at least 6 months for damage
- no. of foreign visitors to island of Phuket dropped by 80% in 2005. less safe
- ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
- 8 M litres of oil was released into env as two oil plants in Indonesia were destroyed
- widespread pollution at sea and contamination of soil, health risk to humans
- mangrove forests as far away as the East African Coast were damaged by the force
- or they were covered in silt
- high salt content of floodwater destroyed the natural balance of many ecosystems
- Karagan Lagoon in Southern Sri Lanka
- 8 M litres of oil was released into env as two oil plants in Indonesia were destroyed
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