Cloning and Genetic Engineering
- Created by: isabella newsum
- Created on: 16-11-14 12:20
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- Cloning and Genetic Engineering
- Cloning
- Plants
- Cuttings- from the good plants and plant them to produce genetically identical copies (clones)
- Cheap and quick
- Tissue culture- a few plant cells are put into a growth medium with hormones and they grow into new plants (clones of their parent plant)
- Produced quickly in very little space and be grown all year
- Cuttings- from the good plants and plant them to produce genetically identical copies (clones)
- Animals
- Sperm cells are taken from the prize bull and egg cells from the prize cow
- Sperm is then used to artificially fertilise the egg cell
- The embryo that is developed is then split many times to from clones
- The impplanted into lots of other cows where they grow into baby calves
- Hundreds of "ideal" offspring are produced every year
- The impplanted into lots of other cows where they grow into baby calves
- The embryo that is developed is then split many times to from clones
- Sperm is then used to artificially fertilise the egg cell
- Sperm cells are taken from the prize bull and egg cells from the prize cow
- Adult Cell Cloning
- Unfertilised egg and removing the genetic material and then a complete set of chromosomes from an adult body cell is inserted into the 'empty' egg shell
- Given an electric shock- causes division, implanted into an adult female to grow into a clone
- Unfertilised egg and removing the genetic material and then a complete set of chromosomes from an adult body cell is inserted into the 'empty' egg shell
- Ethical issues- 'ideal' offspring, but you get a 'reduced gene pool', animal clones- understanding of development of the embryo, preserve endangered species, humans may be cloned in the future
- Plants
- Genetic Engineering
- A useful gene is 'cut' from one's organism's chromosome using enzymes. The enzymes are then used to cut another organism's chromosome and then to insert the useful gene
- Same thing can be used in plants and animals at very early stages
- Pros
- Increase yield of a crop
- GM crops could be engineered to contain nutrients that are missing in diets (developing nations)
- Cons
- The growing of GM crops will affect number of weeds and flowers- reduce farmland and biodiversity
- GM crops may not be safe- allergies
- Transplanted genes may get out into the natural environment
- A useful gene is 'cut' from one's organism's chromosome using enzymes. The enzymes are then used to cut another organism's chromosome and then to insert the useful gene
- Cloning
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