Cloning

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  • Cloning
    • cloning plants
      • cuttings- cutting taken (eg from a branch) and dipped in rooting hormone. Pot is covered with a bag to keep it warm and moist so it does not wilt and grows well
      • Tissue Culture- tissue sample scraped from plant, placed in Agar growth medium cointaining nutrients and auxins. After the start to develop into tiny planllets they're planted in compost
    • advantages
      • done quickly
      • preserve endangered spieces
      • creates ideal offspring
      • cheaper
      • tissue culture can be done all year round, more created from one plant and guaranteed growth
      • the study of cloned animals could lead to greater understanding of the development of the embryo, aging and aging related disorder
    • disadvantages
      • reduced gene pool, can be wiped out by new disease
      • change in environment (drought etc) can wipe out all clones
      • if parent plant is not perfect faults can be passed on
    • Cloning animals
      • Embryo Transplants
        • 1. sperm cells from best bull, egg cells from best cow
          • 2. sperm artificially fertilises egg cell, embryo develops and splits (to form clones)
            • 3. cloned embryos implanted in host mothers who have been given hormones to get them ready for pregnancy
      • Adult cell cloning
        • 1. take an unfertilised egg cell, remove nucleus
          • 2. nucleus from an udder cell from a donor sheep after a mild electric shock, it's inserted into the empty egg cell
            • 3. this makes it divide just like a normal embryo.
              • 4. when the embryo is a ball of cells it is implanted into a female

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