Cloning
- Created by: mimiflan
- Created on: 13-02-19 21:04
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- CLONING
- PLANTS
- Explants cut from plant with desirable characteristic from stem tips and side shoots
- Explants sterilised to kill any microorganisms
- explants grown 'in vitro' - placed in petri dish containing a nutrient medium containing nutrients needed to grow and growth hormones
- cells in explants grow and divide into small plant - further explants from this can be taken to produce more
- small plants taken out medium and planted in soil in glasshouses
- cells in explants grow and divide into small plant - further explants from this can be taken to produce more
- explants grown 'in vitro' - placed in petri dish containing a nutrient medium containing nutrients needed to grow and growth hormones
- Explants sterilised to kill any microorganisms
- Explants cut from plant with desirable characteristic from stem tips and side shoots
- ADULT MAMMALS
- first mammal cloned = dolly 1996
- nucleus of egg cell removed (enucleated)
- diploid nucleus from mature udder cell inserted in its place
- cell stimulated by electric shock
- divided by mitosis (like normal fertilised egg)
- dividing cell implanted into uterus of another sheep until born
- divided by mitosis (like normal fertilised egg)
- cell stimulated by electric shock
- diploid nucleus from mature udder cell inserted in its place
- PRODUCING HUMAN PROTEINS
- cows and sheep make protein in milk
- by transferring human genes into cells they can produce useful human proteins in milk
- eg- can produce human antibodies - used in therapy for arthritis, cancer, multiple sclerosis
- by transferring human genes into cells they can produce useful human proteins in milk
- Transgenic chickens can produce human proteins in egg white
- can be cloned so useful characteristic passed on
- cows and sheep make protein in milk
- PLANTS
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