climate change
- Created by: samanthaspiers
- Created on: 30-04-19 11:34
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- Climate Change
- Evidence
- shrinking glaciers/ melting ice.
- thinned by 65% since 1975. All time low in 2014.
- may disappear by 2035.
- Sea Level Rise
- Ice melting adds fresh water. Thermal expansion: warm ocean expand in volume.
- low-lying island: Maldives danger of flood.
- Seasonal changes
- Tree flowering and bird migration advancing
- Bird nesting is earlier then in the 1970s
- shrinking glaciers/ melting ice.
- Natural Causes
- Orbital changes: three distinct cycles
- Eccentricity: every 100 000 years, circular to mildly elliptical and back
- Axial tilt:every 41 000 years, moves back and forth 21.5 and 24.5 degrees
- Precession: 26 000 years axis wobbles, one extreme to the other
- Solar Activity: sunspots are short-term regions of reduced temp. 11 years they increase from min to max
- Volcanic activity: ash blocks sun, reduce temp, short-term.
- Sulphur Dioxide: converts to droplets act like mirrors reflect solar radiation into space. long-term reduce temp.
- Orbital changes: three distinct cycles
- Human Causes
- Greenhouse gases: trap heat that would have escaped, short-wave radiation from sun
- carbon dioxide increase: burning fossil fuels, transports, farming. deforestation: by burning methane: farm livestock, rice farming, sewage treatment, landfill, coal mines, natural gas pipelines.
- Global impacts: reduced crop yields & water supplies, heat-related illness, flood risk, changing ecosystems, extreme weather, strong tropical storms, desertification
- Greenhouse gases: trap heat that would have escaped, short-wave radiation from sun
- Management
- fossil fuels: 87% carbon emissions: hydroelectric, nuclear power solar wind tides sustainable low carbon
- UK aims to produce 15% of energy from renewable sources by 2020
- Carbon capture: captures carbon produced by fossil fuels, compressed, piped & injected underground, long-term storage
- Planting trees: plantations are more efficient than natural forests.
- International agreements: Paris agreement 2015, limit temps to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels
- fossil fuels: 87% carbon emissions: hydroelectric, nuclear power solar wind tides sustainable low carbon
- Adapting
- Agricultural: new irrigation systems, drought resistance strains of crops, water harvesting, shade trees, cropping patterns
- reducing SLR; sea walls and sandbags, raised buildings on stilts, artificial islands, can be relocated, coastal mangrove forests, tangled roots trap sediment
- Evidence
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