Classifying Organisms
- Created by: Emily Cartwright
- Created on: 26-01-14 16:32
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- Classifying Organisms
- Animal Kingdom
- Eukaryotic Cells
- e.g Jellyfish, Humans, Heterotrophic feeding
- Multicellular
- Specialised organ systems
- No cell walls
- Group Non-Chordates (Invertebrates)
- Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
- e.g. rotifers, nematodes
- Phylum Mollusca (Molluscs)
- e.g.bivalves, snails and slugs, octopuses and squids
- Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- e.g. planaria, flukes, tapeworms
- Phylum Annelids (segmented worms)
- e.g. earthworms, leeches, marine worms (e.g. lungworm)
- Basic body plan
- A head end with a primitive brain and a nervous system running the length of the body
- A body divided internally by partitions
- A hydrostatic skeleton
- A long, thin segmented body
- Adaptations to gas exchange
- A thin, permeable skin through which gaseous exchange occurs
- Adaptations to transport
- A closed circulatory system e.g. blood vessels containing an oxygen -carrying pigment such as haemoglobin
- Reproduction
- Specialised segments responsible for different functions
- Phylum Cnidaria
- e.g. Jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, Portuguese man-of-wars, corals
- Phylum Echinodermata (sea stars)
- e.g. sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea urchins
- Pylum Porifera
- e.g. Sponges
- Phylum Arthropods
- e.g. include 4 classes; arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes (myriapods) and insects
- Most numerous and successful of all the animal phyla
- Basic body plan
- A well developed brain
- A hard exoskeleton made of chitin
- Waterproof and therefore reduces water loss in terrestial arthropods
- Protects internal organs
- Provides a point of attachment for muscles
- Doesn't grow with the animal as it is hard and fixed in shape
- Arthropod has to shed exoskeleton, leaving it vulnerable until the new one forms
- Pairs of jointed legs
- A body furthur divided into a head, thorax and abdomen
- A fluid filled body cavity which surrounds the body organs
- A body divided into segments
- Basic body plan
- Class Insects
- Basic body plan
- Three pairs of jointed legs
- A body furthur divided into head, thorax and adbomen
- Two pairs of wings
- A body divided into segments
- Compound eyes
- Adaptations to gas exchange
- Openings on the exoskeleton called spiracles leading to a branched, chitin lines system of trachae
- A hard outer skeleton made of chitin
- Tissues supplied directly with oxygen
- Reproduction
- A complete or incomplete metamorphis
- Adaptations to transport
- Open circulatory system lacking haemoglobin
- Other
- Untitled
- Basic body plan
- Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
- Group Chordates (Vertebrates)
- Phylum Chordata
- e.g.Vertebrates all have:
- A vertebral column (backbone)
- An internal skeleton
- A well developed brain, enclosed in a cranium
- Subdivided into 5 classes
- Reptiles
- Double, closed circulation
- Gas exchange via internal lungs
- Reproduction via internal fertilisation. Embryo develops in amniotic egg
- Body covered with dry, waterproof scales
- Parental care shown in some species
- Amphibians
- Primitive, double, closed circulation
- Gas exchange via skin and simple external lungs
- Reproduction via external fertilisation
- Body covered with moist skin
- Usually little or no parental care
- Birds
- Double, closed circulation
- Gas exchange via lungs with air sacs
- Reproduction via internal fertilisation. Embryo develops in amniotic egg
- Body covered with feathers
- Parental care shown in most species
- Fish
- Single, closed circulation
- Gas exchange via gills
- Reprodution (mainly) via external fertilisation
- Body covered with scales
- Usually little or no parental care
- Mammals
- Double, closed circulation
- Gas exchange via well developed lungs
- High degree of parental care; young fed on milk
- Body covered with fur/hair
- Reproduction via internal fertilisation. Embryo develops internally and receives nourishment via the placenta
- Mammals can be divided into:
- Placentals
- e.g. Humans and most others
- The young develop in the mothers womb and receive nourishment via the placenta before they are born
- Marsupials
- e.g. Kangaroo's
- Young born in a very immature state and develop in the females pouch
- Placentals
- Reptiles
- e.g.Vertebrates all have:
- Phylum Chordata
- Fungi Kingdom
- May be multicellular (Mushroom) or Unicellular (Yeast)
- e.g. Yeast, mushrooms, Heterotrophic feeding (often saphrophytic or parasitic)
- Body made up of hyphae threads forming a mycelium. Reproduce using spores
- Eukaryotic cells
- Chitin cell walls
- Protoctista Kingdom
- Mostly Unicellular but can be Multicellular e.g. seaweed
- e.g. Amoeba, seaweeds, Combination of plant, animal and fungi characteristics. Feeding is hetertrophic or Autotrophic (seaweed)
- No specialised structures
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Cellulose cell walls
- Plant Kingdom
- Multicellular
- e.g Trees, grasses, ferns, and green algae. Autotrophic feeding (Photosynthesis)
- Specialised structures e.g. leaves, stems, roots
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Cellulose cell walls
- Prokaryote Kingdom
- No specialised structures
- Much smaller then eukaryotic cells
- e.g. All bacteria Unicellular Saprophytic or autotrophic feeders
- No nucleus (or any membrane bound organelles) Loop of DNA. Smaller ribosomes than eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic Cells
- Cell wall made of murein
- Animal Kingdom
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