Classification - Chapter 14 AQA AS Biology
Chapter 11 - AQA AS Biology
- Created by: H.N
- Created on: 30-12-12 19:18
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- Classification
- species
- basic unit of classification
- similar to each other but different from members of other species
- occupy the same ecological niche
- capable of breeding + producing living, fertile offspring
- belong to the same gene pool
- The Bionomial (naming) system
- universal, based upon Latin/Greek names
- 1st name = generic name, denotes the GENUS to which the organism belongs
- 1st letter - uppercase
- 2nd name= specific name, denotes the SPECIES to which the organism belongs
- if isn't known can be written as 'sp'
- 1st letter - lowercase
- biological classification
- Artificial classification
- divides organisms according to differences useful at the time
- analogous characteristics - same function but different evolutionary origins
- Natural classification
- based upon evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
- based on homologous characteristics - have similar evolutionary origins, regardless of their functions in the adult of a species
- arranges groups into a hierarchy
- classifies species into groups using shared features derived from ancestors
- Artificial classification
- Taxonomy
- Taxonomy = study of each group within a natural biological classification and their position within a hierarchical order
- taxonomical ranks
- way of remembering: King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Sausages
- Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
- way of remembering: King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Sausages
- Phylogeny
- phylogeny = evolutionary relationship between organisms
- usually represented on a phylogenic tree
- oldest species - at the base
- most recent species - ends of the branches
- Classification = the organisation of living organisms into groups
- species
- printed in italics, or underlined if handwritten - to show specific names
- 2nd name= specific name, denotes the SPECIES to which the organism belongs
- if isn't known can be written as 'sp'
- 1st letter - lowercase
- 2nd name= specific name, denotes the SPECIES to which the organism belongs
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