Classical Conditioning
Mindmap for the Classical Conditioning section of the 2015 specification of Edexcel AS Psychology
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 31-03-16 16:06
View mindmap
- Classical Conditioning
- Main Features
- Extinction
- Over a period of time, if a CS isn't paired with an UCS, then association is lost and the CR is lost.
- Spontaneous Recovery
- the reappearance of the CR after a rest period or period of lessened response
- Stimulus Generalisation
- A CR can be generalised to other stimuli that are similar to the CS.
- SR Unit - Stimulus Response Unit
- A stimulus is detected by an organism. The organism emits a response. Also known as a reflex
- Extinction
- Key Terms
- UCS - Unconditioned Stimulus
- UCR - Unconditioned Response
- CS - Conditioned Stimulus
- NS - Neutral Stimulus
- CR - Conditioned Response
- Pavlov 1927
- Aims
- To find out if a reflexive behaviour can be produced in new situations through learning
- Reliabiliy
- Had a standardised procedure. Used different experimenters. Gives the experiment inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability
- Ecological Validity
- Dogs raised in a lab and kept in unusual environments.
- Their behavior can't be generalised to other environments, for example, in a home.
- Dogs raised in a lab and kept in unusual environments.
- Internal Validity
- Use of dogs meant there wasn't a worry about demand characteristics.
- Inter-rater reliability ensures no bias is present when collecting data
- High level of control due to laboratory setting.
- placed each dog in a sealed room that didn't allow the dog to see, smell or hear anything outside. Prevented other stimuli making the dogs salivate. Eliminated extraneous variables.
- Findings
- The dogs started to salivate before the food bucket arrived, often at the sights of the food bucket or the sound of the bell. The conditioned dog started to salivate 9 seconds after hearing the sound and, by 45 seconds, had produced 11 drops of saliva.
- Objectivity
- Used scientific measurements of amount of saliva which would reduce bias.
- Sampling Validity
- 35 dogs of a variety of breeds, raised in kennels in the lab
- Behaviourists assume you can generalise from animals to humans but other psychologists do not.
- 35 dogs of a variety of breeds, raised in kennels in the lab
- Conclusion
- The dogs had learnt to associate a NS (bell) with the UCS (food). This shows us that animals can learn by association.
- Procedure
- A dog was placed in a harness and fed food in a bucket. Each time the dog ate, a bell rang for the experimental condition. No bell rang for the control condition. A salivation recording device measured salivation
- Ethics
- Highly unethical as their were no ehthical guidelines for psychologists in the early 20th century
- Dogs were kept in inhumane conditions
- Animal research should aim to have a clear benefit to society but Pavlov was just satisfying scientific curiosity.
- Highly unethical as their were no ehthical guidelines for psychologists in the early 20th century
- Aims
- Uses an existing SR Unit to create a new SR Unit.
- Pairs a NS with a UCS to create a UCR. The organism now associates the NS with the UCR, The NS is no longer neutral and has become a CS. It elicits a CR.
- Main Features
Comments
No comments have yet been made