Topic 1 of Educaton for Sociology
- Created by: Megnicpip
- Created on: 30-05-18 16:58
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- Class Differences in Achievement
- Cultural Deprivation
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies: by the age of 3 children from under privileged backgrounds are already up to one year behind others and this gap widens with age
- Language
- Hubbs-Tait et al: where parents use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding or abilities
- Feinstein: educated parents are more likely to be used in this way
- Feinstein: educated parents are more likely to use praise which helps develop a sense of their own competence
- Engelmenn et al: language used in lower class homes is deficient, they communicate by gestures, single words or disjointed phrases
- Speech Codes
- The Restricted Code: typically used by working class, limited vocabulary, grammatically simple, context bound, not analytic.
- Elaborated Code: typically used by middle class, wider vocabulary, grammatically more complex, varied and communicates abstract ideas, context free, explicit.
- The elaborated code is used by exams, textbooks and teachers putting middle class as an advantage.
- Hubbs-Tait et al: where parents use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding or abilities
- Parents Education
- Educated parents parenting style emphasises consistent discipline and high expectations supporting and encouraging their children to learn.
- Educated parents are more aware of what is needed to assist their childs progress
- Working Class Subculture
- Fatalism: 'whatever will be, will be' and there is nothing you can do to change your status
- Collectivism: valueing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual
- Immediate gratification: seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices
- Present-time orientation: seeking the present as more important than the future and so having no long term goals
- Evaluation
- Keddie: working class children are culturally different, not culturally deprived
- Troyna et al: it is not the childs language but the schools attitude towards it
- Material Deprivation
- Housing
- Overcrowding, temporary accommodation, nowhere to do homework, rowdy neighbours, sharing bedrooms
- Indirect effects: crowded areas increase risks of an accident, cold or damp housing can cause more ill health
- Diet and Health
- Howard: young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, nutrition, vitamins and minerals.
- Wilkinson: the lower the social class the higher rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders
- Financial support and the cost of education
- This may result in isolation, stigmatisation, bullying from peers
- Smith et al: poverty acts as a barrier, such as an inability to afford private schooling, tuition and poorer quality schooling
- Fear of debt
- Callender et al: working class students are more debt averse and see more costs than benefits in going into university
- Reay: working class students were more likely to apply to local universities so that they can live at home and help their families.
- Housing
- Cultural Capital
- Education, economic and cultural capital are all held by the middle classputting them at an advantage
- Cultural Deprivation
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