CLA
- Created by: orah2831
- Created on: 15-05-19 15:42
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- CLA
- Theories
- Skinner - children have an innate ability to learn language. tested on pigeons
- Haliday
- Instrumental: Language used to express needs
- Regulatory: language used to persuade/ request others to do something
- International: Language used to make contact with others and form relationships:
- Personal: Language used to express feelings, opinions, and establish individual identity
- Heuristic: Language used to gain knowledge about the environment, such as questions or commentaries on what the child or someone else is doing
- Imaginative: Language used to create an imaginary environment
- Representational: language used to convey facts and information
- John Dore
- labeling: assigning a name to a person, object or a thing
- repeating: Repeating an adult's word
- Answering: Responding to someone
- Requesting action: Asking to do something/ for something to be done
- Calling: to get attention
- Greeting: saying hello
- Protesting: objecting to requests of others
- Practicing: By using language alone
- Nelson: Suggested five categories for early words.
- Object words 65%
- Action words 13%
- Modifiers 9%
- Function words 4%
- Personal/ social words 8%
- Jean Berko: Children can acquire and use grammatical rules rather than just copying from adults. - Wug test
- Burko and Brown: fis phenomenon - child mispronounced fish and even though they were corrected, they still emphasised fis
- Chomsky: language acquisition was mainly to do with nature.
- Genie counteracts this because she isn't grammatically competent due to spending 13 years in a room
- Pre-verbal stage: Babies can understanding their mothers voice by the end of their first day (0 - 12 months)
- Cooing: Early consonant sounds from the back of throat, closely by short vowel-like sounds.
- Babbling: The baby will begin to make combinations of consonant and vowel sounds. This is an important stage in the baby’s development of language
- Proto-words: The child reduces the number of phonemes it produces as it begins to discard those it doesn’t need, but retains those necessary for later speech
- Holophrastic stage (12-18 months) One-word utterances. Single words are used by children in place of sentences.
- Two word (18-24 months):Two-word utterances. The beginnings of sentence structures are being used.
- Telegraphic 24-36 months: Three and more word utterances. Sentences begin to have extra elements added
- Post Telegraphic stage 3-5yrs: Increasingly complex grammatical combinations, more difficult aspects of grammar are being developed
- Underextension:attribution of a narrower meaning to a word than is accurate
- Oveextension: it is where a child attributes a broader meaning to a word than is accurate.
- CDS: refers to the modified version of English that
adults use when they speak to younger children
- Grammatical: · Names rather than pronouns. · Present tense mainly/fewer tenses generally. · One-word or short (elliptical) sentences. · More simple sentences/fewer complex. · Lots of repetition. · Lots of questions. · Lots of imperatives. · Lots of Yes/no questions. · More concrete nouns. · Fewer verbs and modifiers. Expansions
- Phonological:· Slower pronunciation.· Higher pitch, and wider pitch range (for questions/statements, etc.). · More (and longer) pauses, especially between phrases/sentences. Exaggerated (sing/song) intonation and stress.
- Lexical: Simpler vocabulary, using fewer words.· Lots of vocatives. More concrete language
- Pragmatics Lots of exaggerated gestures and body language.· Fewer utterances per turn in conversations so that the child has a chance to say as much as possible. Supportive language
- How does it help: It helps a child learn and remember the language
- Reading
- Early books are designed to help with speech acquisition
- Pictures designed to enable children to assign labels to things
- Books use tings like lexical and syntactical repetition. This helps syntax and lexis become more familiar
- Ritualised routines help children learn through repetition.
- Theories
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