Civil Rights in America: 1945-1968
Key dates taken from the Edexcel As History revision guide 'Pursuing Life and Liberty: Equality in the USA 1945-1968'.
- Created by: Lyyam
- Created on: 12-05-14 16:27
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- Civil Rights in America 1945-1968
- Seeds of Change, 1945-1955
- From slavery to segregation
- American Civil War: 1861-1865
- Emancipation Proclamation: 1862
- 'Jim Crow' laws passed across southern states: 1890-1910
- Plessy v. Ferguson - 'separate but equal': 1896
- A divided nation: the position of black Americans in 1945
- America enters the Second World War: 1941
- The Allies win the Second World War: 1945
- To Secure These Rights: Truman and the Cold War
- Truman becomes President: 1945
- 'To Secure These Rights' published
- Truman re-elected: 1948
- Challenging'Jim Crow'
- NAACP founded: 1909
- Smith v. Allwright: 1944
- Morgan v. Virginia: 1946
- NAACP boycott of New Orleans department stores: 1947
- Journey of Reconciliation organised by CORE: 1947
- NAACP protest over school closure in Louisiana: 1951
- NAACP boycott a segregated school in Lafayette
- Baton Rouge bus boycott organised by UDL
- Raising the profile of civil rights - Kicking 'Jim Crow' out of school
- Sweatt v. Painter: 1950
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: 1954
- White Citizens' Councils formed: 1954
- Brown v. Board of Education (II): 1955
- Emmet Till killed: 1955
- Southern Manifesto signed: 1956
- NAACP banned from Alabama: 1956
- From slavery to segregation
- Martin Luther King and peaceful protest, 1955-1968
- Civil rights protests: the early southern campaigns,1955-1962
- Montgomery bus boycott: 1955-1956
- Browder v. Gayle (desegregated buses): 1956
- The Little Rock Campaign: 1957
- Greensboro sit-ins: 1960
- Freedom Rides: 1961
- Boynton v. Virginia: 1960
- The Albany Movement: 1961-1962
- James Meredith and the University of Mississippi: 1962
- Civil rights protests: the later southern campaigns,1963-1965
- Birmingham Campaign: 1963
- March on Washington: 1963
- Mississippi Freedom Summer: 1964
- Selma Campaign: 1965
- Martin Luther King's last campaigns
- Moynihan Report published: 1965
- Chicago Freedom Movement: 1966
- Memphis Workers' Strike: 1968
- Martin Luther King assassinated: April 4 1968
- The Poor People's Campaign: 1968
- The role of the federal government
- Eisenhower: 1953-1961
- Civil Rights Act: 1957
- Civil Rights Act: 1960
- Kennedy: 1961-1963
- Civil Rights Act initiated
- Johnson: 1963-1969
- Civil Rights Act: 1964
- Voting Rights Act: 1965
- Civil Rights Act (Fair Housing Act): 1968
- Eisenhower: 1953-1961
- Opposition to change, 1955-1968
- The FBI used its power to undermine the civil rights movement
- Eisenhower was particularly reluctant to get involved with civil rights
- Local politicians were generally stronger opposed to racial justice than national politicians
- Local police forces in southern states were some of the main obstacles to racial equality in the 50s and 60s
- Public opinion was a significant barrier to racial equality in the late 60s
- Areas where peaceful protest achieved success
- Education
- Transport
- Public places
- Voting rights (but less so than in other areas)
- Employment and income (but less so than in other areas)
- Public support for civil rights
- Reasons for change?
- The Presidents
- Martin Luther King
- Peaceful protest and mass activism
- Civil rights protests: the early southern campaigns,1955-1962
- Black Power
- Malcolm X - an alternative vision
- Referred to MLK as the 'twentieth-century Uncle Tom'
- Black Nationalism
- Self-defence
- Left the Nation of Islam in 1964
- OAAU
- Tended towards integration in his final year
- Assassinated in February 1965
- Creative tension? Divisions in the civil rights movement
- Watts Riots in Los Angeles: 1965
- Shooting of James Meredith: 1966
- James Farmer resigns as leader of CORE: 1966
- SNCC embraces self-defence and expels white members: 1966
- NAACP and NUL walk out of negotiations with SCLC and SNCC: 1966
- SNCC embrace the use of 'revolutionary violence': 1968
- CORE expels white members: 1968
- Power to the people! The Black Panthers
- The Wretched of the Earth published: 1961
- Black Panther Party (BPP) founded: 1966
- Ten-Point Programme published: 1966
- BPP launches 'Patrol the Pigs' campaign: 1966
- Huey P. Newton arrested for murder: 1967
- BPP launches the 'Free Huey' campaign: 1967
- BPP launch survival Programmes: 1968
- Eldridge Cleaver stands as Presidential Candidate for the Peace and Freedom party: 1968
- 'Chicago Seven' arrested: 1968
- Eldridge Cleaver's Soul on Ice published: 1968
- BPP disbanded: 1977
- The achievement of the Black Power movement
- Los Angeles riot: 1965
- SNCC establishes the 'Freedom City' in Mississippi: 1965
- Black actor Bill Cosby cast in a leading TV role: 1965
- SNCC starts The Free D.C. Movement: 1966
- Star Trek is first screened, starring black actor Nichelle Nichols: 1966
- Newark, Detroit and New Brunswick riots: 1967
- The Mississippi 'Freedom City' project ends: 1967
- Black actor Eartha Kitt cast as Catwoman in TV series Batman: 1967
- John Carlos and Tommie Smith give Black Power salute at Mexico Olympic Games: 1968
- Malcolm X - an alternative vision
- Protest culture: The Sixties and a Generation
- Mainstream and counterculture in the 1960s
- Publication of 'Mass Culture and the Popular Arts': 1957
- John F. Kennedy elected President: 1960
- Peace Corps established: 1961
- Publication of The Other America: 1962
- Assassination of Kennedy; Johnson becomes President: 1963
- Social Security Act: 1965
- Apollo 8 circles the Moon: 1968
- Apollo 11 lands on the Moon: 1969
- Women's liberation
- 'The Feminine Mystique' published: 1963
- Executive Order 11375 outlaws sexual discrimination in companies working for the government: 1967
- Weeks v. Southern Bell results in first successful prosecution of sexist practice in the workplace: 1967
- 'The Institution of Sexual Intercourse' published
- New York Radical Women (NYRW) protest against the Miss World Pageant: 1968
- Native Americans and Hispanic Americans
- National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) established: 1944
- Cesar Chávez joins the Community Service Organisation (CSO): 1952
- Congressional Resolution 108 - beginning of the legal policy of termination: 1953
- National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) established: 1960
- Mexican American Political Association founded: 1960
- Chávez leaves the CSO to form the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA): 1962
- Edward Roybal elected to the House of Representatives: 1962
- Beginning of La Huelga (The Strike) - the Delano grape strike: 1965
- Peregrinacion - Pilgrimage of protest: 1966
- Government informally ends the policy of termination: 1966
- Indian Resources DevelopmentAct: 1967
- Young Chicanos for Community Action (YCCA) established: 1967
- Table Grape Boycott begins: 1968
- Chicano Blowouts: 1968
- The Delano grape strike and the Table Grape Boycott ends: 1970
- Mainstream and counterculture in the 1960s
- Seeds of Change, 1945-1955
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