Civil War to Restoration
- Created by: xTheGhostCatx
- Created on: 11-09-19 19:24
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- Civil War to Restoration
- People were unhappy with King Charles
- Charles I and his father James I believed in "Divine Right"
- Charles believed in absolutism - this led him to introduce censorship to stop criticism
- Subjects thought he was arrogant as he would not tolerate challengers
- Charles' actions led to civil war
- Scots were angry when Charles tried to take back church land that was given to them in the 16th century
- People were concerned with Charles' pro-Catholic views
- Charles raised a lot of taxes to pay for wars
- In 1626, Charles dissolved Parliament. It reconvened in 1629 but was dissolved again until 1940 (this period was known as Personal Rule)
- In 1635, Charles made everyone pay "ship money"
- In 1638, Scottish leaders refused to accept the religious changes Charles was trying to impose on Scotland - Charles marched an army north
- He refused to accept the Grand Remonstrance (document that listed over 200 criticisms and demands)
- In 1642, he arrested 5 MP's for treason. Parliament gathered forces and in August Charles declared war on Parliament
- People were divided about how Charles should be treated
- Charles was captured in 1646 after he had been captured by the Scots and handed to Parliament
- After the First Civil War, most did not want to get rid of Charles, but people disagreed about how to move forward: some wanted to limit Charles' powers
- After the Second Civil War, the majority wanted a king, but Oliver Cromwell and leaders of the New Model Army pushed for a trial
- In 1648, 300 MP's who disagreed with Charles being tried were thrown out of Parliament (Rump Parliament of 200 was left)
- Many were shocked when Charles was tried and executed in 1649
- Cromwell brought change to power structures in England
- 1649-1653, England ruled by Rump Parliament. House of Lords was abolished
- Cromwell dismissed Rump in 1653 because he disagreed with their tolerance of religion and cautious actions
- The Barebones Parliament (people sympathetic to Cromwell's views) ruled then Cromwell dismissed them as he thought they were too radical
- 1653-1658: Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector
- Parliament was reformed and constituencies were resized to make them more representative
- Parliament + Lord Protector shared control of army
- He divided England into regions - each ruled by a major-general whose role was to enforce Puritanism
- In 1657, Cromwell accepted the Humble Petition and Advice, which abolished major-generals, reductions in the army, and government control over taxes
- It proposed Cromwell become king, but he refused
- Restoration restored monarchs - but with limited powers
- Cromwell's son (Richard) ruled England from 1658 but retired in 1659 due to lack of experience and little support from the army or Parliament
- Parliament negotiated with Charles' son, who accepted the terms of the Declaration of Breda and became King Charles II in 1660
- Charles had control of laws passing through Parliament, but did not have the ability to raise taxes without permission
- Charles could not target opponents through Parliament, or claim ship money
- People were unhappy with King Charles
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