African American Civil Rights Organisations

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  • Civil Rights Organisations
    • NAACP
      • Founded from Niagara Movement in 1909
      • Campaigns against lynching and race riots, education, equal justice
      • Founders included Ida B Wells and Du Bois
        • But mainly run by Jewish white liberal
        • Thurgood Marshall- supreme court judge in 1964
      • Legal focus- challenging Jim Crow, education and voting restrictions
        • 1944 SC ruling -illegal to deny AAs right to vote
        • Brown v. Board 1954
        • Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955- however resulted in barring from Alabama
        • Little Rock campaign 1959
    • SCLC
      • Created out of Montgomery by MLK
      • Focusing on mass demonstrations
        • Non-violent
        • Gained white liberal support
        • Support from religious groups in South
      • Unsuccessful at Albany 1961 where Pritchett didn't use violence- lack of media attention
      • Birmingham- Chief Connor used force, good media attention
      • March on Washington 1963- gained white support
    • CORE
      • United white liberal opinion 2/3 initial membership white 1942
        • Excluded white members from 1966
      • Freedom Rides 1947, repeated in 1961 - publicity
        • Led to Kennedy passing the Interstate Commerce Commission to desegregate interstate travel
      • Campaigns in Chicago to desegregate schools
    • SNCC
      • Originally non-violent until shooting of Meredith in 1966
        • Stokely Carmichael claimed 'what we need is Black Power'
        • Began to exclude whites
      • Played major role in Freedom Rides
    • Nation of Islam
      • Founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad and dominated by Elijah Muhammad until 1975
        • Malcolm X a leader and increased membership
      • Promoted black separatism, nationalism and superiority
        • Didn't have white support of other organisations
      • Strong religious following
    • Black Power
      • Celebration of African culture, music, hair etc.
      • Black Panther Movement
        • Carried weapons, defence against police brutality- Patrol the Pigs
        • Wanted economic equality, better housing and separate juries for black people
      • Excluded whites 1972
    • UNIA
      • Advocated black nationalism and seperatism
        • Black Star Line to take AAs back to Africa
        • Had international support
      • Celebration of African values, massive parades in NY in 1920s
      • Promoted economic power

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