Chromosomes and hormones’ influence on development of sex and gender

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  • Hormones and Chromosomes in the development of sex and gender
    • Gender: psychologicaland cultural differences between males and females
      • Social roles
      • Behaviours
      • Attitudes
    • Sex: biological differences between males and females
      • Chromosomes
      • Hormones
      • Anatomy
    • Hormones
      • Chemical substance which circulates in the blood and controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs
        • Hormones cause the development of reproductive organs prenatally, and cause secondary sex characteristics to develop at puberty
      • Oestrogen: primary female hormone which plays a role in reproduction and the menstrual cycle
      • Androgens: male development hormones; testosterone: produced in the testes and is associated with aggression in males
      • Oxytocin: stimulates contractions during labour and lactation; facilitates bonding with an infant
    • Chromosomes
      • Found in the nucleus of living cells and carry information in the form of genes
      • 23 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell; 23rd pair determines sex
        • ** - female ; XY - male
        • All eggs carry X chromosome,half of sperm carry X and half carry Y

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