Child Language Acquisition - Theories

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  • Created by: Lauren
  • Created on: 14-05-14 10:26
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  • Child Language Acquisition - Speech theories
    • Jean Aitchison (1987)
      • Labelling
        • Linking labels to the objects which they refer to and understanding things can be labelled.
      • Packaging
        • Exploring labels and seeing what they can apply to.
          • Over/under-extension occurs to eventually understand a range of meanings.
      • Network Building
        • Making connections between words and recognising similarities and differences in meanings.
    • Katherine Nelson (1973)
      • Identified 4 categories for first words
        • Naming things/people (nouns)
        • Actions/events (verbs)
        • Describing/ modifying things
        • Personal/social words.
    • B.F. Skinner (1957 - Behaviourist) Immitation and Reinforcement
      • Operant conditioning
      • The child imitates the speech of others
      • When the child repeats a word successfully, they recieve positive reinforcement, encouraging them to repeat the action again.
      • If the child receives negative reinforcement they are unlikely to repeat the action.
    • Noam Chomsky (1965 - Innateness)
      • Children have an innate ability to understand grammatical rules.
        • He called this the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
      • Identified virtuous errors where children make grammatical errors but still understand the rules.
    • Jean Piaget (Cognition theory)
      • Cognitive development is the overriding influence of language acquisition.
      • Identified Object Permanence
        • A child's ability to understand that objects have an independent existence.
        • When an object moves out of the child's sight, it ceases to exist.
        • Begins in the first year but is not usually complete until about 18 months.
        • Once children have learned object permanence, they begin to apply labels to these objects.
    • Bruner, Vygotsky (Input theories)
      • Emphasise the role of interaction in language acquisition
      • A child's acquisition of language depends on the input made by parents and others.
        • Parental interaction introduces the child to familiar conventions of conversation such as turn taking.
      • Parents introduce new words by using familiar sentence structures.
  • A child's ability to understand that objects have an independent existence.

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