Chemistry summary
- Created by: jackshaw
- Created on: 09-01-17 16:20
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- Chemisty
- a) Flame Test
- Lithium compounds result in a crimson flame
- Sodium compounds result in a yellow flame
- Potassium compounds result in a lilac flame
- Calcium compounds result in a red flame
- Barium compounds result in a green flame.
- Flame tests can be used to identify metal ions.
- b) Salts
- Aluminium, calcium and magnesium ions form white precipitates (salts) with sodium hydroxide solution
- only the aluminium hydroxide precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution
- c) Copper(II), iron(II) and iron(III) ions
- Copper(II), iron(II) and iron(III) ions form coloured precipitates with sodium hydroxide solution.
- Copper(II) forms a blue precipitate,
- iron(II) a green precipitate
- and iron(III) a brown precipitate.
- d) Carbonates
- Carbonates react with dilute acids to form carbon dioxide.
- Carbon dioxide produces a white precipitate with limewater.
- This turns limewater cloudy.
- e) Halide ions
- Halide ions in solution produce precipitates with silver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid.
- Silver chloride is white
- silver bromide is cream
- silver iodide is yellow.
- f) Sulfate ions
- Sulfate ions in solution produce a white precipitate
- With barium chloride solution in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid.
- Double Bonds
- Double bonds are represented by an =
- double bonds mean that the hydro carbon is unsaturated
- Alkenes are unsaturated
- Alkenes turn Bromine water(orange) colourless
- Chromatography
- Gas chromatography is an example of an instrumental method
- Gas chromatography allows the separation of a mixture of compounds
- The time taken for a substance to travel through the column can be used to help identify the substance
- The output from the gas chromatography column can be linked to a mass spectrometer, which can be used to identify the substances leaving the end of the column
- Gas chromatography is an example of an instrumental method
- a) Flame Test
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