Chemistry summary

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  • Created by: jackshaw
  • Created on: 09-01-17 16:20
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  • Chemisty
    • a) Flame Test
      • Lithium compounds result in a crimson flame
      • Sodium compounds result in a yellow flame
      • Potassium compounds result in a lilac flame
      • Calcium compounds result in a red flame
      • Barium compounds result in a green flame.
      • Flame tests can be used to identify metal ions.
    • b) Salts
      • Aluminium, calcium and magnesium ions form white precipitates (salts) with sodium hydroxide solution
      • only the aluminium hydroxide precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution
    • c) Copper(II), iron(II) and iron(III) ions
      • Copper(II), iron(II) and iron(III) ions form coloured precipitates with sodium hydroxide solution.
      • Copper(II) forms a blue precipitate,
      • iron(II) a green precipitate
      • and iron(III) a brown precipitate.
    • d) Carbonates
      • Carbonates react with dilute acids to form carbon dioxide.
      • Carbon dioxide produces a white precipitate with limewater.
        • This turns limewater cloudy.
    • e) Halide ions
      • Halide ions in solution produce precipitates with silver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid.
      • Silver chloride is white
      • silver bromide is cream
      • silver iodide is yellow.
    • f) Sulfate ions
      • Sulfate ions in solution produce a white precipitate
      • With barium chloride solution in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid.
    • Double Bonds
      • Double bonds are represented by an =
      • double bonds mean that the hydro carbon is unsaturated
      • Alkenes are unsaturated
        • Alkenes turn Bromine water(orange) colourless
    • Chromatography
      • Gas chromatography is an example of an instrumental method
        • Gas chromatography allows the separation of a mixture of compounds
        • The time taken for a substance to travel through the column can be used to help identify the substance
        • The output from the gas chromatography column can be linked to a mass spectrometer, which can be used to identify the substances leaving the end of the column

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