AQA Chemistry Unit 3 (C3) Mindmap
Brief mindmap about all the unit 3 topics in Chemistry unit 3
- Created by: Triciaaa
- Created on: 15-04-13 13:40
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- Chemistry Unit 3
- Water
- Hard water
- Ca, Mg ions
- Temporary and permanent hardness
- Benefits: healthy bones, less risk of heart disease
- Sodium carbonate, ion exchange columns
- Purifying water
- Chlorine, Fluoride benefits: reduce tooth decay, prevents diseases
- Chlorine, Fluoride costs: bone problems, toxic-by- products, cause cancer
- Mesh screen, chemicals, filter, chlorine
- Hard water
- Ammonia
- Haber Process
- Raw materials: Nitrogen Hydrogen
- 450ºc,200 atmospheres iron catalyst
- Fertlisers
- High pressure favours forward reaction
- High temperatures favour backward reaction
- Reversible Reactions
- Closed Systems
- Equilibria - exactly at the same rate in each direction
- If temp raised = endothermic increase, takes in heat (high yield in endo)
- If temp lowered = exothermic increase, releases heat, high yield in exo)
- Pressure inc = encourage less vol
- Pressure dec = encourage more vol
- Haber Process
- The Periodic Table
- Modern
- Electronic structure
- Increase Shielding
- Increase distance
- Early
- Newlands law of Octaves
- Dmitry Mendeleev
- Trends
- Group 1 Alkali Metals
- Group 7 Halogens
- Transition Metals
- Modern
- Alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters
- Alcohols
- Functional group = -OH
- Fuels and solvents
- Flammable, reacts with water - neutral sol, reacts with Na - hydrogens, alkoxides
- Oxidation- ethanoic acid, catalysedby bacteria
- Carboxylic acids
- Functional group = -COOH
- Soaps detergents esters vinegar
- reacts with carbonates, alcohols, dissolvesin water, doesn't ionise completely
- Esters
- Functional group = -COO-
- irritates mucous membrane
- Perfumes, flavourings
- alcohol + carboxylic acid -> water + ester
- Alcohols
- Calculating energy change
- Q=mc?t
- balanced equation, stick diagrams overall change = energy in - energy out
- Hydrogen fuel cell benefits: clean, no pollutant gases, renewable
- Hydrogen fuel cell costs: hard to store H+, explosive, specialised machines
- Analysis and Quantitative Chemistry
- Anions
- Flame tests
- Precipitates: react NaOH
- Cations
- Carbonates react with acids to give off C02
- Halide ions - add nitric acid, silver nitrate solution - precipiate
- Sulfate ions - add sulfuric acid, barium chloride sol = white precipitate
- Titrations
- acid + alkali = neutral solution
- Calc - balance question, give info, mole, ratio, conc
- Anions
- Water
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