Chemistry C3.2 (Water)
Mindmap of the 2013 AQA GCSE Chemistry C3 Water unit. Includes; Hard Water, Removing Hardness, Water Treatment & Water Issues.
- Created by: Ethan
- Created on: 21-03-13 20:16
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- Chemistry C3 U2 (Water)
- Hard Water
- Needs more soap to create a lather and wash effectively
- Soapless detergents do not react with hard water to form scum
- Salts in hard water react with soap to form an insoluble solid called scum
- Needs more soap to create a lather and wash effectively
- Soapless detergents do not react with hard water to form scum
- Salts in hard water react with soap to form an insoluble solid called scum
- Salts in hard water react with soap to form an insoluble solid called scum
- Soapless detergents do not react with hard water to form scum
- Needs more soap to create a lather and wash effectively
- Salts in hard water react with soap to form an insoluble solid called scum
- Soapless detergents do not react with hard water to form scum
- Contains dissolved Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) salts
- When water is in contact with rocks some compounds dissolve
- Contains dissolved Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) salts
- Contains dissolved Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) salts
- When temporary hard water is heated it produces an insoluble solid, scale
- Scale deposits build up
- Reduces efficiency of heating systems
- Can also cause blockages in pipes
- Scale deposits build up
- Dissolved Calcium (Ca) ions are good for health
- Helping develop strong bones + teeth
- May also reduce the risk of heart disease
- Needs more soap to create a lather and wash effectively
- Removing Hardness
- Soft water may contain dissolved substances, but these do not produce scale or scum
- Temporary hard water is made soft by boiling
- When temporary hard water is heated it produces an insoluble solid, scale
- Scale deposits build up
- Reduces efficiency of heating systems
- Can also cause blockages in pipes
- Scale deposits build up
- Temporary Hard water contains Hydrocarbonate ions (HCO3-)
- When heated these decompose into in carbonate ions, water and CO2
- The carbonate ions react with Mg and Ca ions in the water to produce participates
- Calcium Carbonate & Magnesium Carbonate
- Calcium Carbonate & Magnesium Carbonate
- The carbonate ions react with Mg and Ca ions in the water to produce participates
- When heated these decompose into in carbonate ions, water and CO2
- When temporary hard water is heated it produces an insoluble solid, scale
- Adding Sodium Carbonate (washing soda)
- It reacts with the Ca and Mg ions in the water to form participates
- Participates are solid Calcium Carbonate & Magnesium Carbonate
- It reacts with the Ca and Mg ions in the water to form participates
- Ion-exchange columns with resin in containing Sodium or Hydrogen Ions
- Water passes through the resin
- Ca and Mg ions become attached to the resin, and the Na or H ions take there place in the water
- Na or H ions do not react with soap
- Ion-exchange columns with resin in containing Sodium or Hydrogen Ions
- Water passes through the resin
- Ca and Mg ions become attached to the resin, and the Na or H ions take there place in the water
- Na or H ions do not react with soap
- However Na ions can be bad for health
- Na or H ions do not react with soap
- Ca and Mg ions become attached to the resin, and the Na or H ions take there place in the water
- Water passes through the resin
- However Na ions can be bad for health
- Ion-exchange columns with resin in containing Sodium or Hydrogen Ions
- Na or H ions do not react with soap
- Ca and Mg ions become attached to the resin, and the Na or H ions take there place in the water
- Water passes through the resin
- Water Treatment
- Water is gathered from an appropriate source (lake, river, sea)
- Treated by Sedimentation
- Goes through Filtration
- Is then disinfected (Chlorinated)
- To kill any microbes in the water
- Normally through sand, removes other substances
- Is then disinfected (Chlorinated)
- Uses gravity to remove suspended solids from still water
- Goes through Filtration
- Treated by Sedimentation
- Pure water can be made by distilation
- However there is a large amount of energy used to boil the water
- So this is to expensive to do on a large scale
- However there is a large amount of energy used to boil the water
- Water filters can be used to improve taste of water
- Contain Carbon and ion-exchange resin
- Remove some soluble substances + silver to prevent growth of bacteria
- Contain Carbon and ion-exchange resin
- Water is gathered from an appropriate source (lake, river, sea)
- Water Issues
- Chlorine
- Very effective at killing microbes
- Poisonous and can produce other toxic compounds
- Flouridation
- 30% reduction in teeth cavities
- Hard/Soft Water
- Hard Water
- When water is in contact with rocks some compounds dissolve
- Dissolved Calcium (Ca) ions are good for health
- Helping develop strong bones + teeth
- May also reduce the risk of heart disease
- When water is in contact with rocks some compounds dissolve
- Hard Water
- Chlorine
- Hard Water
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