Haloalkanes
- Created by: Tom Ramshaw
- Created on: 31-03-13 09:18
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- Haloalkanes
- Formula= CnH(2n+1)X
- Names
- Prefixes: Fluoro- Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-
- Same as other organic compounds
- Properties
- Insoluble in H2O- (CX bond is not polar enough)
- Boiling point
- Increases with chain length
- Increases down group 7
- Reactions
- C-X is a polar bond. Attracts Nuleophiles
- Nucleophilic Substitution
- With OH- ion produces: Alcohol and X-
- Cold OH- in water
- With CN- ion produces: Nitrile and X-
- With NH3 produces: Primary Amine and NH4X
- With OH- ion produces: Alcohol and X-
- Elimination
- Add KOH produces: Alkene KBr and H20
- Hot OH- in ethanol
- OH- acts as a base
- Primary- Substitution Secondary- Both Tertiary- Elimination
- Formation
- Free radical substitution
- Alkane + Halogen = Haloalkane and Hydrogen Halide
- Many Isomers formed for long chain alkanes
- Initiation
- Propagation
- Termination
- Stable compound formed
- Produce 1 free radical and 1 product of the reaction
- Termination
- Requires UV light. Forms 2 free radicals
- Propagation
- Free radical substitution
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