Chemistry Unit 1 Mindmap
- Created by: Chloe
- Created on: 17-04-13 16:26
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- Chemistry
- Atomic structure
- Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons
- Protons and electrons have equal and opposite electrical charges. Protons are positively charged, and electrons are negatively charged.
- Neutrons have no electrical charge. They are neutral.
- Atomic number = number of protons (number of electrons.)
- Mass number = number of protons and neutrons.
- Atoms are arranged in the periodic table in order of their atomic number.
- The arrangement of electrons in atoms
- The electrons in an atom are arranges in energy levels or shells
- Atoms with the same number of electrons in their outermost shell belong in the same group of the periodic table.
- The arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell of an elements atom determines the way that element reacts
- The atoms of the unreactive noble gases (in group 0) all have very stable arrangements of electrons.
- Forming bonds
- When atoms from different elements react together they make compounds. The formula of a compound shows the number and type of atoms that have bonded together to make that compound.
- When metals react with non-metals, charged particles called ions are formed.
- Metal atoms form positively charged atoms. Non-metals form negatively charged atoms. These oppositely charged ions attract each other in ionic bonding.
- Atoms of non-metals bond to each other by sharing electrons. This is called covalent bonding.
- Chemical equations
- As no new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction: total mass of reactants = total mass of products.
- There is the same number of each type of atom in each side of a balanced symbol equation
- Atomic structure
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