chemistry - states of matter
- Created by: Nihal Singh
- Created on: 25-10-21 19:26
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- Chemistry - states of matter
- three states of matter
- liquid
- Irregular arrangement, atoms are close. They move around each other
- solid
- Regular arrangement, atoms are very close. They vibrate in a fixed position
- gas
- Irregular arrangement, atoms are far. They move quickly in all direction
- liquid
- iinterconvers -ions of matter
- evaporation
- freezing
- condensation
- boiling
- sublimation
- when a solid changes to a gas
- there is no liquid for this process and only occurs on few substances such as iodine and solid carbon dioxide
- the reverse of this called deposition
- there is no liquid for this process and only occurs on few substances such as iodine and solid carbon dioxide
- when a solid changes to a gas
- melting
- Diffusion and Dilution
- Diffusion in gasses
- The air and bromine particles are moving randomly and there are large gaps between particles so they are easy to mix
- Dilution
- this. indicates that there are a lot of particles in a small amount of potassium manganate and therefore the particles must be very small
- dilution is adding water ti a more concentrated substance until it has reached the desired concentration
- this. indicates that there are a lot of particles in a small amount of potassium manganate and therefore the particles must be very small
- Diffusion in liquis
- the water and potassium manganate particles are moving randomly and they slide over each other. they can therefore easily mix.
- Diffusion in liquids are slower than diffusion in gas because the particles in a liquid are closer
- the water and potassium manganate particles are moving randomly and they slide over each other. they can therefore easily mix.
- Diffusion in gasses
- Solutions terminology
- solubility and solubility curves
- Solubility graphs or curves represent solubility in g per 100 g of water plotted against temp
- To plot a solubility curve, the maximum mass of solvent that can be dissolved in 100 g of water before a saturated solution is formed, is determined at a series of different temps
- Solubility is a measurement of how much of a substance will dissolve in a given volume of a liquid
- The liquid is called the solventThe solubility of a gas depends on pressure and temp
- Solubility of solids is affected by temperatureAs temperature increases, solids usually become more soluble
- Solubility of gases is affected by temperature and pressure; in general:As pressure increases, gases become more solubleAs temperature increases, gases become less soluble
- Practical
- three states of matter
- Prepare a two beakers, one as a hot water bath and one as an ice bath
- Using a small measuring cylinder, measure out 4 cm3 of distilled water into a boiling tube.
- On a balance weigh out 2.6 g of ammonium chloride and add it to the boiling tube
- Place the boiling tube into the hot water bath and stir until the solid dissolves
- Transfer the boiling tube to the ice bath and allow it to cool while stirring
- Note the temperature at which crystals first appear and record it in a table of results
- Add 1 cm3 of distilled water then warm the solution again to dissolve the crystals
- Repeat the cooling process again noting the temperature at which crystals first appear.
- Continue the steps until a total of 10 cm3 of water has been added
- Repeat the cooling process again noting the temperature at which crystals first appear.
- Add 1 cm3 of distilled water then warm the solution again to dissolve the crystals
- Note the temperature at which crystals first appear and record it in a table of results
- Transfer the boiling tube to the ice bath and allow it to cool while stirring
- Place the boiling tube into the hot water bath and stir until the solid dissolves
- On a balance weigh out 2.6 g of ammonium chloride and add it to the boiling tube
- Using a small measuring cylinder, measure out 4 cm3 of distilled water into a boiling tube.
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