Chemistry - Topic 1 and Topic 9

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  • Chemistry
    • Topic 1
      • Elements
        • A substance formed by one type of atom
        • There are 118 different elements
        • Two or more chemically bonded elements are called a compound
          • They do not share the properties of the elements they are made from
      • Models of the atom
        • Bohr / nuclear model
          • Suggests that  electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (shells)
          • Came from the gold and alpha particle experiment
          • Radius of 1nm
        • Protons
          • Mass of 1  Charge of 1
        • Electrons
          • Mass of almost 0  Charge of -1
    • Topic 9
      • Air is...
        • 80% Nitrogen
        • 20% Oxygen
      • The atmosphere at first
        • Hot when first formed
        • Lots of volcanic activity
          • volcanoes release gases
            • Carbon dioxide
            • Nitrogen
            • Methane
            • Azane
            • Water vapour
        • Plants produced oxygen through photosynthesis
          • Decreased carbon dioxide
      • Greenhouse effect
        • Without it the world would be too cold to live in
        • Causing global warming
      • Global Warming
      • Carbon Footprint
        • Total amount of greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, event or servicee
        • Reduction
          • Increased use of alternative energy supplies
          • Capture and storage of carbon
          • Carbon taxes and licences
          • carbon off-setting
          • Reduction Issues
            • Lack of public information and education
            • Economic considerations
      • Combustion
        • Pros of complete combustion
          • Poisonous carbon monoxide is not produced
          • More heat per gram of fuel is produced
        • Pollution
          • Combusting fuels release gases into the air
            • Carbon dioxide
            • Sulphur dioxides
              • Cause acid rain and respiratory problems
                • Oxides of nitrogen
            • Oxides of nitrogen

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