Chemistry- C2
- Created by: Caitlin1602
- Created on: 11-02-18 18:06
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- Chemistry - C2 ~ Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
- Pure & Impure
- Pure substance; Has 1 element or compound, single sharp melting point
- Impure substance; melts over a range of temperatures
- Ionic Bonding
- Metal & non-metal
- Strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
- Formulae
- Relative atomic mass
- Empirical formula
- Relative formula mass
- Relative molecular mass
- Separating mixtures
- Filtration; separates a solid from a liquid, insoluble substance forms residue, soluble substance goes through filter paper as filtrate
- Crystallisation; Solvent evaporates, solution is heated, produces dry sample of soluble substance
- Simple distillation; evaporation -> cooling -> condensing
- Fractional distillation; evaporation-> cooling at different temperatures -> condensing
- Chromatography; mobile phase, stationary phase, substances distributed between phases
- Rf = Distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by solvent
- Metals & Non-Metals
- Metal elements; form + ions, metallic bonding, solid at room temperature (mercury is liquid), shiny, malleable, good conductors
- Non-metal elements; Form - ions, covalent bonding, about half are solid, half are gas (bromine is liquid, dull, brittle, insulators
- Carbon allotropes
- Diamond; 4 covalent bonds per C atom, hard, no delocalised electrons, giant covalent lattice, doesn't conduct electricity
- Graphite; 3 covalent bonds per C atom, slippery & soft, delocalised electrons, layered structure with weak forces between layers, good conductor of electricity
- Bonding, Structure, change of state
- Metals; Strong, conduct electricity when solid or liquid, high M & B points
- Ionic Compounds; Strong, conduct electricity when molten or dissolved, high M & B points
- Simple molecules; weak, conduct electricity, low M & B points
- Giant covalent structures; strong, doesnt conduct electricity (except graphite), high M & B points
- Nanoparticle
- 1nm to 100nm across (just a few hundred atoms
- Very large surface area to volume ratio
- Pure & Impure
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