Biology Chapter Four Nulceotides
- Created by: NimrahS
- Created on: 06-12-16 09:15
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- CHAPTER FOUR
- 4.1 Structure of RNA and DNA
- Structure of DNA
- Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group (sugar-phosphate backbone) and one nitrogen bases ATCG held together by diester bonds formed by a condensation reaction
- Two antiparallel nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases twist together to form a double helix
- Function
- The bases are protected by the backbone
- Two antiparallel nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases twist together to form a double helix
- Compact
- The bases are protected by the backbone
- A-T two hydrogen bases
- G-C three hydrogen bases
- Structure of RNA
- Ribose sugar, phosphate group and one nitrogen base AUCG
- Much shorter than DNA as fewer nucleotides join together
- tRNA, mRNA and rRNA
- Both important information-carrying molecules
- Structure of DNA
- 4.2 DNA replication
- Semi-conservative replication
- 1- DNA helicase unwinds the double helix and the hydrogen bonds are broken
- 2- Free nucleotides that have the complimentary exposed bases are attracted to the template strand
- 3- DNA polymerase joins the two strands together which now twist to form a double helix
- 2- Free nucleotides that have the complimentary exposed bases are attracted to the template strand
- Only one of the original DNA strand remains
- 1- DNA helicase unwinds the double helix and the hydrogen bonds are broken
- Examining evidence for semi-conservative replication
- Bacteria was grown with N-15 then it was grown with N-14 The DNA was extracted from the bacteria and centrifuged
- Results
- Bacteria was grown with N-15 then it was grown with N-14 The DNA was extracted from the bacteria and centrifuged
- Semi-conservative replication
- 4.3 ATP -adenosine triphosphate
- Structure
- Ribose sugar, adenine and three inorganic phosphate groups
- Nucleotide derivative, phosphorylated nucleotide
- Energy contained by an ATP molecule is released when a phosphate group is removed by a hydrolysis reaction by ATP hydrolase into ADP and an inorganic phosphate group
- Structure
- 4.1 Structure of RNA and DNA
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