Chapter 9 - Study Points

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  • Chapter 9
    • Features of a transport system
      • In an open blood system, the transport medium is moved into a large space in the body cavity, called the haemocoel. In a closed circulation system, the blood flows in blood vessels
      • The greater the metabolic rate, the greater the need for rapid delivery of oxygen and glucose and removal of waste such as carbon dioxide
    • The cardiac cycle
      • The volume of blood expelled by the heart
        • In one cycle is the stroke volume
        • In on minute is the cardiac output
        • The cardiac output = stroke volume x the number of heartbeats per minute
      • Valves close when the blood pressure downstream is higher than the blood pressure upstream
    • Transport of oxygen
      • When describing oxygen binding to haemoglobin, use the terms 'loading' or 'associating'. When oxygen unbinds from oxyhaemoglobin, use the terms 'unloading' or 'dissociating'
      • At a given partial pressure of oxygen, when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher, haemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen
    • Transport of carbon dioxide
      • Haemoglobin buffers the blood by removing hydrogen ions from solution, preventing the pH from falling
    • Intercellular or tissue fluid
      • Lymph is formed from excess tissue fluid

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