Chapter 16 - Animal Behaviour
- Created by: stef17
- Created on: 12-05-16 13:05
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- Chapter 16 - Animal Behaviour
- Learning
- Any behaviour that is not innate
- Habituation
- A type of learning where an organism learns not to respond to a repeated stimulus
- Example: Nereis and the moving shadows
- A type of learning where an organism learns not to respond to a repeated stimulus
- Imprinting
- A type of learning in which an organism recognises an object/another organism as something it should remain near (e.g. its mother)
- Example: Konrad Lorenz and the goslings
- A type of learning in which an organism recognises an object/another organism as something it should remain near (e.g. its mother)
- Classical conditioning
- A type of learning where an animal learns to respond to a stimulus which is different to the original one
- Example: Pavlov's dogs
- A type of learning where an animal learns to respond to a stimulus which is different to the original one
- Operant conditioning
- A type of learning in which an animal learns to carry out a particular behaviour to either gain a reward or avoid an unpleasant stimulus
- Example: Rats in a Skinner box
- A type of learning in which an animal learns to carry out a particular behaviour to either gain a reward or avoid an unpleasant stimulus
- Latent learning
- Learning for no apparent benefit, manifests later in different circumstances
- Example: Rats in a maze
- Learning for no apparent benefit, manifests later in different circumstances
- Insight learning
- 'A-ha!' moment
- Example: Sultan the chimp
- Example: Pigeons and the box
- 'A-ha!' moment
- Innate behaviour
- Behaviour similar across all individuals in a species
- 'hard-wired' - carried in genes
- Escape reflex
- Quick response to a stimulus that results in a movement away from a predator. Example: Earthworm retreating into its burrow
- Taxis
- A movement towards/away from a stimulus Example: Maggots moving away from light
- Kinesis
- A response to the difference in an environmental factor in one place compared to another. Example: Woodlice and damp areas
- Primate behaviour
- Social behaviour
- Benefits of social behaviour are: better able to find food, easier predator avoidance and being better able to protect their territory
- Have social relationships
- Social behaviour
- Genes and human behaviour
- Particular alleles of particular genes can have significant effects on our behaviour
- Different receptor alleles have different effects
- Learning
- Associative learning
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