Chapter 1 Summary 2N Revolution and Dictatorship 1917-1953
- Created by: 14asalee
- Created on: 19-08-20 15:15
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- Chapter 1 Summary
- Russian War effort
- Decision to go to war was popular initially and was met with anti-German sentiment
- Duma dissolved itself and voted for war credits
- St. Petersburg changed to slavonic Petrograd
- 1914 Tsar set up military zones suspending civilian authority
- Liberal zemstva opposed establishing Union of Zemstva to provide healthcare
- June 1915: Zemgor formed from zemstva and municipal dumas, shunned by Tsar
- Liberal zemstva opposed establishing Union of Zemstva to provide healthcare
- Decision to go to war was popular initially and was met with anti-German sentiment
- Tsar and political authority
- Tsarina Alexandra
- Strong willed but her advice to Nicholas was often misguided
- Changed many ministers between 1915-16 (13)
- Introduced Rasputin to her husband and was easily influenced by him
- Rumoured to have an affair with him
- Strong willed but her advice to Nicholas was often misguided
- Tsar Nicholas II Emperor of Romanov dynasty
- Was ill suited to role as he found it boring and was naturally shy, awkward, stubborn.
- Seemed unaware of political discontent in Russia (1913 tercentenary)
- Violent wave of strikes in 1913
- Established State Dumas after 1905 Bloody Sunday, but restricted its powers
- Had chance to better his position by transferring some responsibility to Progressive bloc, but refused (Jun 195)
- Tsarina Alexandra
- Economic and Social state of Russia
- To pay for war, government increased taxing and took out loans (foreign and home
- Coupled with industry and grain exports, caused inflation of rouble
- Military conscriptions left a shortage of men in the countryside, leading to a shortage of food in towns
- Made worse by peasant hoarding and inadequate transport network
- Poland and other parts of Western Russia overrun by Germans, removing industrial capacity
- Also imposed naval blockades in Baltic and Black seas and blocked land routes to Europe
- This brought trade to standstill. Rationing did not help, many hungry
- Also imposed naval blockades in Baltic and Black seas and blocked land routes to Europe
- Railway system used to transport men and goods to the front and there were sever fuel shortages
- Food rotted by railways and most grain sent to the front
- Unemployment high in non-military industry in Moscow and Petrograd
- Lockouts and strikes common, 300% rise in living costs and death rate rising too
- To pay for war, government increased taxing and took out loans (foreign and home
- Discontent in Russia
- Frustration at Tsar was very apparent
- Ranged from grumbling, despair, despondency to strikes and riots directed to employers or landlords
- Outbursts in Army as well, sometimes leading to desertion
- Rank and file soliders faced hardship and casualties. Winter 1916-17 was -35 degrees celsius
- Political discontent also strong
- Founders of progressive bloc talked of staging a coup with army officials
- Lvov asked Tsar's uncle Grand Duke Nicholas if he would take over the throne
- Little threat from the left as leaders were in exile
- Lenin encouraged proletariat to turn against the government
- No threat however as he only had 10,000 followers in Switzerland
- Lenin encouraged proletariat to turn against the government
- Founders of progressive bloc talked of staging a coup with army officials
- Frustration at Tsar was very apparent
- Russian War effort
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