Chapter 1 - Communication

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  • Created by: stef17
  • Created on: 20-04-16 09:53
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  • Chapter 1 - Communication
    • Homeostasis
      • Temperature
        • Low temp slows down metabolic reactions
        • High temp can cause protein denaturation
      • Amount of water
        • Lack of water can cause water to move out of cells (crenation can occur), causing metabolic reactions to slow or stop altogether
        • Too much can cause water to enter cells, making them burst
      • Glucose concentration
        • Too little can cause respiration to slow down or stop
        • Too much water can cause cells to crenate due to water potential
      • Done using the negative feedback mechanism
    • Temperature regulation in endotherms (warm-blooded organisms)
      • Temperature receptors
        • Hypothalamus constantly monitors core temperature, all others are peripheral receptors and monitor outside temperature in order to warn of a change in core temp
      • Rise in core temperature
        • Vasodilation - arterioles widen to increase heat loss through radiation
        • Sweat glands increase output
        • Behaviour modiication
      • Fall in core temperature
        • Shivering - contraction of muscles to release heat energy
        • Vasoconstriction - narrowing of arterioles to reduce heat loss through radiation
        • Sweat glands reduce output
        • Erector muscles contract and pull hairs up on end to trap a layer of hair - doesn't work well in humans
        • Behaviour modification

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