changing social class
- Created by: catrionabucknell_
- Created on: 04-06-16 17:18
View mindmap
- CHANGING SOCIAL CLASS
- 1918-1939
- UPPER CLASS
- WW1 resulted in massive decline
- heavy life toll
- 12.9% of men in army died
- 19% of sons and peers, 20.7% of Old Etonians died
- huge increase in income tax + death duties
- estates £2m + had 40%
- tax on incomes £2,500 + rose
- death duties increased until 1979
- heavy life toll
- war time restrictions on raising rents
- + reduction in available labour due to conscription
- country estates hard to run
- gentry selling off 1/4 of land between 1918-1920
- in 1937 1/3 of 4,000 listed gentry were landless
- 1937 Country House Scheme
- opened house to public for 60 days
- 1937 Country House Scheme
- loss of political power
- fuelled by the rise of labour
- 40% of MP's 1910 and 5% by 1945
- WW1 resulted in massive decline
- MIDDLE CLASS
- feared the erosion of material separating from working class
- £250 annual salary = middle class
- feared rising wages of working class
- £250 annual salary = middle class
- suffered from war time inflation
- £100 in 1914 = £276 in November 1920
- 1926 in Bromley Kent built 2m high wall to prevent WC passing through
- spur to middle class employment
- 34% growth in commercial and financial jobs
- in London between 1911 and 1921
- 34% growth in commercial and financial jobs
- home ownership for MC 60% in 1939
- compared to 20% of WC
- feared the erosion of material separating from working class
- LOWER CLASS
- full employment in WW1
- helped absorb the residuum
- trade union membership increased 90% 1914-18
- unions more inclusive after 1918
- recession of 1920-22 = reduced membership by 40%
- regional impacts of economic slump and depression
- major division of those with and without work
- work = rising wages
- lower working hours = more leisure time
- major division of those with and without work
- welfare reforms from 1914 gov.
- reduce social stigma of state assistance
- lower loss of life in WW1
- reserved occupations e.g. coal miners
- many turned away for ill health
- 1918 - 10.3% rejected unfit for any service
- 31.3% classed sick for combat
- WW1 rationing
- life expectancy rose 1911-1921
- 49-56 men and 53-60 women
- life expectancy rose 1911-1921
- full employment in WW1
- UPPER CLASS
- WORLD WAR 2 + 1945-1979
- UPPER CLASS
- rise of satire and rising education
- = social mobility and undermined defernce for authority
- real wages improved
- growth of affordable goods and cars blurred class boundaries
- lost political and social power
- e.g. selling country homes
- popularity of estates reinforced
- upstairs downstairs 1971
- paid entry fees to national trust
- to help preserve the landed elite
- paid entry fees to national trust
- upstairs downstairs 1971
- rise of satire and rising education
- MIDDLE CLASS
- WW2 brought about job opportunities
- respectable jobs in science, tech etc.
- increased from 70,000 1931 to 1.25m 1951
- expansion of clerking jobs for women
- 170,000 1911 to 1.4m 1951
- respectable jobs in science, tech etc.
- led the way in domestic leisure
- car ownership
- butlin and caravan holidays
- had access to package holidays
- afford TVs and domestic leisure
- car ownership
- lack of respect for establishment
- rise in middle class jobs and educational opportunities improved
- WW2 brought about job opportunities
- LOWER CLASS
- WW2 seen as turning point compared to WW1
- due to sustained and effective gov. intervention after 1945
- welfare and healthcare provisions
- due to sustained and effective gov. intervention after 1945
- equality and experience of WW2
- improved their quality of life
- however gains failed to materialise
- many still lived in squalid houses with poor diets
- slum clearance didn't start till 1950's
- landlords took advantage of tennants
- housing schemes e.g. construction of mod-cons
- people felt isolated
- lack of local amenities
- lack of social interaction
- e.g. Pollock in Glasgow = dreary places to live
- people felt isolated
- many still lived in squalid houses with poor diets
- inequality of wealth
- 0.1% owned 33% of wealth but bottom 75% had less than £100 each
- REGIONAL DIFFERENCE
- WW2 seen as turning point compared to WW1
- UPPER CLASS
- 1918-1939
Comments
No comments have yet been made