America Political Environment (NOT FINISHED)

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  • Changing political enviroment
    • Impact of WW1
      • Wilson, WW1, 1917
        • German Attacks on US shipping
        • Trying to get Mexico as a ally
        • Tried to campaign against it
        • Loads of ppl. against this decision
          • And how he tried to get American more involved in international stuff after the war
      • Return to normalcy
        • Harding president 1921 promised this
          • Harding said RTN stable, steady way of life
          • Wanted to shift focus back to american again
          • Balance Gov.'s books, reduce tax on ppl, introduce tarrifs, countryside radio
            • Also talked of "Race Question" and how to solve it
        • Black soldiers hoped RTN = greater equality
        • WASP's = Back to normal
        • after war, short economic depression- partly cause war
        • Increased unemploy-ment after war
      • Isolation
        • USA said they should be supportive of other nations
          • But not becoming entangled
        • Quotas for the restriction of immigration and quotas within for specific countries
        • 1935-1939 neutrality acts
        • USA economy prospered so did consumerism
          • "Hire purchase"
        • Possible that without the Great depression America would still be isolationist
    • How did presidency change?
      • Wilson 2nd democrat since Civil War
        • Wilson played too big of a part in gov. and decision making for the time
        • Came so close to breaking the separation of powers
      • The appeal of republicanism
        • Wilson led people to republianism
        • Harding Laissez faire
          • Campaign vague, didnt interfere
          • Not corrupt himself but he had friends that were that kinda dragged him down
        • Coolidge followed after Harding
          • Brought a recovery period of prosperity
          • The boom economy of the 1920's had serious problems even though they were not known at the time
        • Hoover
          • Also a  republican
          • By the time of his presidency it was known there was serious economic and political problems
          • Campaign said he was to eliminate poverty, encourage equality, restore the economy and that democrats would ruin it all
    • What Influenced the political landscape
      • 1st Red Scare
        • 1905-17 series of revolutions, monarchy Tsars-toppled (killed off pretty much)
          • sent shock waves through the world
            • encouragement to become communist
        • thousands arrested on suspicion of being communist
        • During WW1 ppl. didn't strike for bad working conditions
          • Post war- conditions didn't change= more strikes
        • CPUSA and CLP founded
          • Pamphlets handed in major cities
        • RED HUNTING
          • KKK and violence towards ppl with left wing opinions
      • Rugged Individualism
        • Laissez Faire- especially hoover
          • People take responsibility for themselves
        • Believed
          • ppl. weakened by gov support
          • USA should be isolationist
          • USA should restrict imigration
      • The Great Depression
        • Partly because the short depression that was just left after WW1
        • 1929- problems with boom, combined with out of control share trading to produce wall street crash- triggered GD
        • Unemployment increased
        • People lost banks and houses businesses failed
      • The Decline Of Republicanism
        • Hoover realized Laissez faire not working
          • 1930-32 hoover gave federal help
            • Most ideas rejected by congress
            • the ideas that were not rejected put the government in debt
        • Presidents Emergency committee for employment
          • Temporary organisation to find work projects for unemployed
        • people blamed hoover for the economic crisis
          • Hoovervilles- shanty towns with homeless living just outside cities
      • The Bonus Army
        • 1924 Gov. gave soldiers from WW1 bonus payment calculated on years of experience
        • Soldiers given $50 and the rest was put in a fund until 1945 when they were supposed to get it
        • As the depression hit many soldiers asked for their money early
          • GOV REFUSED
        • June 1932- marched Washington- Gov had fear of riots happening
          • 28th July Gov broke up camps- went with armed force, tear gas, bayonets etc
            • Report was published to make it seen as though the Gov was less to blame
              • Hoover lost large popularity for how he treated the soldiers
      • A changing mood
        • Since 1921 republican majority, but since failure to cure depression and other factors people started voting democrat
        • 1931 democrat majority
          • Majority house of representative and gaining seats in senate
          • Break from rugged individualism
          • FDR offered new deal and new gov. style
          • Hoovers  speeches not as good as FDR's
            • Won only one in 6 states
            • Hoover becoming increasingly unpopular
  • 28th July Gov broke up camps- went with armed force, tear gas, bayonets etc
    • Report was published to make it seen as though the Gov was less to blame
      • Hoover lost large popularity for how he treated the soldiers

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