challenges facing urban communties in India

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  • challenges facing urban communities in India
    • Poor sanitation
      • A lack of toilets has cost India $50bn a year through premature deaths and hygiene related illnesses.
      • Only 42% of the urban population have access to sanitation.
      • Case study- Coloba slum- there is a community run toilet block which means that it is more likely to get looked after so less illnesses are caused.
      • Solution- 2bn rupee project which was supported by a world bank loan covers around 1/4 of the slums. Every adult makes a one time deposit of 100rs towards the mainanance of the toilets .
    • Poor quality housing
      • This is a problem that is linked to population growth.
      • The 60% of people who do live in the slums are living right on top of chemicals, toxins and waste. Safety is a big issue in the slums and many diseases are spread.
      • The land where they live is low lying so flooding occurs quite often.
      • The water pipes come on in the morning for just 2 hours and they have to collect as much water as they can which has to last them all day.
    • Rapid populaion growth-urban growth and sprawl
      • India is the second most populous city in the world with records of 13 million slum dwellers(60%) and 8 million houses.
      • Challenge- there isnt enough space for everyone so people have to sqeeze into houses so this leads to poor living conditions.
      • There have been slum clearences in central areas where they have been forcing slum dwellers into suburban slums or proper homes which are actually smaller than what they were living in.
        • This drives them away from community and oppotunities
      • The increased population will lead to unemployment and India will become very crowded. The lack of housing might encourage people to commit crime.
    • India has become more industrialised.
      • The perception of cities like Mumbai has got bigger and better. As the economy is growing, it attracts more people which adds to all these problems.
      • The expectation of doing well in India and having success pulls people in.
    • Transport
      • 90% of communities use public transport amd most of this is based on railways.
        • The problem is that train tracks often flood, especially during monsson season, mesning that they cant run.
        • As most people use them, carriages are often overfilled by 3/4 tims its capacity-very cramped.
      • Other than problems with trains, they have problrems with traffic as nothing wors as a system.
        • They have no rules or regulations, no lanes so people just drive where they want, when they want. This has caused safety issues and is very dangerous.
          • As there are no traffic lights, a journey of just 10km can take up to 30 mins.
        • Also causes noise and air pollution

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