CGP GCSE Physics for AQA (Grade 9-1)---Topic 3-Particle model of matter

This is a mind map on the third topic in the CGP GCSE Physics Revision Guide, excluding the required praticles (sorry)

It follows the AQA spec and is for the new 9-1 grade system.

Hope you enjoy and learn something!!

NOTE: Most definitions are in the Bottom Right Corner, along with the Equations.

Sorry if the equations are hard to understand, i did the best I could.

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  • Particle model of matter
    • Density of Materials
      • The particle model can explain density and the 3 states of matter
        • The density of of an object depends on what it is made of and how its particles are arranged
          • The more packed together the particles are - the more dense it is
          • Solid
            • Liquid
              • Gas
                • Almost no forces between particles, lots of energy, low density
              • Weaker forces of attraction, particles have more energy than solids, less dense than solids
            • Strong forces of attraction, particles dont have much energy. Density is highest
    • Internal Energy and changes of state
      • Internal Energy is the energy stored by the particles that make up a system
        • A change of state conserves mass
          • When it comes to changing state the mass stays the same as the particles are rearranged
    • Specific Latent Heat
      • A change of state requires energy
        • In an energy transfer graph, it rises, then there is a fat line - this indicates where energy is being transfered by heating/cooling but not being used to change the temprature
          • Note: do not mix up with Specific Heat Capacity, Latent Heat is about no temprature change
        • The energy needed to change the state of a substance is called Latent Heat
          • Specific Latent Heat is the energy needed to change the state of a 1kg mass
            • Note: do not mix up with Specific Heat Capacity, Latent Heat is about no temprature change
    • Particle Motion in Gases
      • The temprature of a gas is related to the average energy in the kinetic energy stores of the particles in a gas. The Higher the temprature, The Higher the average energy
        • Colliding gas particles create pressure. Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
          • A change in pressure can cause a change in volume.
            • Doing work on a gas can increase its temprartue
  • Equations
    • Density = mass (divided by) volume
    • Energy = Mass (times) Specific Latent Heat
    • pV = constant
      • p= pressure in pascals
      • V=volume

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