CGP GCSE Biology for AQA (Grade 9-1)---Topic 1-Cell Biology
This is a mind map on the first topic in the CGP GCSE Biology Revision Guide, excluding the required praticles (sorry)
It follows the AQA spec and is for the new 9-1 grade system.
Hope you enjoy and learn something!!
NOTE: Most definitions are in the Bottom Right Corner, along with the Equations.
Sorry if the equations are hard to understand, i did the best I could.
- Created by: The Doctor
- Created on: 13-12-19 17:53
View mindmap
- Cell Biology
- Cells
- Prokaryotic- single celled organism (It also has no nucleus, but one or more small ring of DNA called Plasmids)
- An example of a Prokarytic cell is bacteria.
- Eukaryotec- multi-celled organism (DNA is in a nucleus)
- Plant cells
- Plant cells have the same as animal cells but with 3 extra things:1) Cell Wall2) Vacuole3) Chloroplasts
- Animal cells
- Animal cells have:1) Nucleus2) Cytoplasm3) Cell membrane4) Mitochondria5) Ribosomes
- Plant cells
- Prokaryotic- single celled organism (It also has no nucleus, but one or more small ring of DNA called Plasmids)
- Microscopy
- Microscopes let us see things we cant see ith the naked eye.
- How to prepare a slide
- How to use a light microscope
- How to prepare a slide
- Light Microsopes use light and lenses to magnify an object. They let us see large subcellular structures
- Electron Microscopes have a bigger magnification and resolution to Light microscopes
- Microscopes let us see things we cant see ith the naked eye.
- Cell Differentiation and Specialisation
- Not all cells are the same, some differentiate. (Change to do a partiular job.)
- Some you mght need to know
- Sperm Cells
- Nerve Cells
- Muscle Cells
- Root Hair Cells
- Phloem and Xylem Cells
- Some you mght need to know
- Not all cells are the same, some differentiate. (Change to do a partiular job.)
- Binary Fission
- Prokaryotic Cells divide by Binary Fission
- Unlike eukaryotic cells theses cells do not become cancerous
- Prokaryotic Cells divide by Binary Fission
- Chromosomes and Mitosis
- Chromosomes contain genetic mterial, there are 23 pairs in a human cell
- Cells Divide to make more
- However Cells can only dive for a short itme, if they divide beyond that the cell becomes cancerous-thatis how most cancer occures
- Cells Divide to make more
- Chromosomes contain genetic mterial, there are 23 pairs in a human cell
- Stem Cells
- Stem cells have the ability to become any cell
- You can harvest stem cells from embryos and adults, however there are ethical complications
- Stem cells from an embry can become any cell but in harvestig it destroys the embryo-a potential human life
- Stem cells from an adult can only become certain cells, they cant become any.this is why it is preferred to harvers embryonic stem cells.
- You can harvest stem cells from embryos and adults, however there are ethical complications
- Stem cells have the ability to become any cell
- Diffusion
- Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Osmosis
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permiable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
- To sum it up osmosis it diffusion for water particles but you need to know the proper definition
- Active Transport
- Active transport is where substances are absorbed from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (against the concentration gradient)
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permiable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
- Active Transport
- Active transport is where substances are absorbed from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (against the concentration gradient)
- Osmosis
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permiable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
- To sum it up osmosis it diffusion for water particles but you need to know the proper definition
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permiable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
- Exchange Surfaces
- Cells can use diffusion to take in substances they need and to get rid of waste products
- How easy it is for the organism to exchange surface with its environment depends on the organisms surface area to volume ratio.
- Single celled organisms have a large surface area to volume ratio.
- Multi cellular organisms have a small surface area to volume ratio
- How easy it is for the organism to exchange surface with its environment depends on the organisms surface area to volume ratio.
- Cells can use diffusion to take in substances they need and to get rid of waste products
- Exchanging Substances
- Gas exchange happens all over the body and in nature, one example is in the lungs
- 1) The job of the lungs is to transfer oxygen to the blood and to remove waet carbon dioxide from it
- 2) To do this the lungs contain millions of little air sacs caled aveoli where gas exchange takes place
- 3) The aveoli are specialised to maximise the diffusion of O2 and CO2
- One example is that they have an enormous surface area (about 75m squared)
- 3) The aveoli are specialised to maximise the diffusion of O2 and CO2
- 2) To do this the lungs contain millions of little air sacs caled aveoli where gas exchange takes place
- 1) The job of the lungs is to transfer oxygen to the blood and to remove waet carbon dioxide from it
- Gas exchange happens all over the body and in nature, one example is in the lungs
- Cells
- Definitions
- Nucleus
- Contains geneticmaterial theat controls the activities of the cell
- Cytoplasm
- Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
- Cell Membrane
- Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
- Mitrocondria
- These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration treansfers energy that the cell needs to work
- Ribosomes
- This is where protiens are made in the cell
- Cell Wall
- Supports the cell and strengthens it
- Vacuole
- Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
- Chloroplasts
- Where photosynthesis occurs, it provides food for the plant
- Nucleus
- Equtations
- Magnification = image size -----(over)--- real size
- Area (of a circle) = "pie" (times) radius squared
- Area = Length (times) Width
- Volume = Length (times) Width (times) Height
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