Cells
- Created by: aneekhakaur
- Created on: 08-11-14 22:32
View mindmap
- Cells
- Plant cells
- permanent vacuole: contains cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
- Cell wall: strengthens the cell
- Chloroplasts, contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
- Plant and Animal cells
- Cell membrane: controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
- Nucleus: contains genetic material, which controls the activities of a cell
- Cytoplasm: most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes
- Mitochondria: most energy is released by respiration
- Ribosomes: protein synthesis takes place here
- Bacterial cell
- Single celled orgasnism
- No nucleus, so genetic material floats in cytoplasm
- Has cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall
- Yeast cell
- Singled cell organism
- Has nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall
- Specialised cells
- Pallisade leaf cell: Packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis, crammed at the top so they're nearer the light. tall shape means a lot of surface area for absorbing CO2.
- Guard cell
- Special kidney shape which opens and closes the stomata in the leaf.
- When the plant has lots of water the guard cell fill with it and go plump and turgid. This makes stomata open so gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis.
- When the plant is short of water, guard cells lose water and become flaccid making stomata close this helps stop water vapour escaping.
- Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls make opening and closing work.
- Sensitive to light and close at night to save water without losing out on photosyn..
- Adapted to allowing gas exchange and controlling water loss
- Red blood cells
- concave shape = big surface area for absorbing oxygen. Also helps them pass smoothly through capillaries to reach body cells
- Packed with haemoglobin - pigment that absorbs oxygen.
- no nucleus, to leave even more room for haemoglobin
- Sperm and Egg cell
- Egg cell contains huge food reserves to feed the embryo.
- Egg membrane changes its structure to stop any more sperm getting in - offspring have right amount of DNA.
- Sperm has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg. A lot of mitochondria to provide energy needed.
- Sperm carries enzymes in their head to digest through the egg cell membrane
- Plant cells
Comments
No comments have yet been made