Cells, Tissues and Organs
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?- Created by: rm715
- Created on: 29-02-16 10:47
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- Cells, Tissues and Organs
- Cells
- Palisade Cells
- Found in top of leaf closest to surface
- Carry out photosynthesis and make plant food
- Packed with chloroplast to absorb sunlight
- Cilia Cells
- Lines air passages down to lungs
- Has tiny hairs called cilia which sweep mucus, dust and bacteria back up the throat to be swallowed
- Smokers often have a build of mucus as the hairs die and this leads to 'smoker's cough'
- Egg Cell
- Contains yolk that acts as food source for the developing embryo when fertilised
- Carries mother's DNA
- Much larger than normal animal cells
- Sperm Cell
- Long tail to swim to find egg. Enzymes in head.
- Made in testes of male
- Carries father's DNA to egg
- Nerve Cell
- Elongated with many branches on each side
- Axis is covered in fat to prevent electrical impulses affecting surrounding tisuse
- Root hair cell
- Large surface area to absorb water
- Thin cell wall to allow water to pass through
- Absorbs minerals and water from soil
- Blood cells
- White blood cells
- Able to join and change shape
- Engulfs bacteria and diseases so microbe cannot affect the body
- Red blood cells
- Concave, no nuceus and large surface area to make more room for oxygen
- Carries oxygen from lungs to the body and carbon dioxide to the lungs
- White blood cells
- Palisade Cells
- Enzymes
- Biological catalysts - speed up biological reactions
- Proteins made of amino acids
- DNA codes the amino acids
- Active site is where subtrates fits in and splits to make products molecules
- Above an optimum pH or temperature, they become denatured and the active site is destroyed
- Example: above pH 7 (pH of mouth) , amylase becomes denatured. Reaction rate slows down and sugar is no longer produced
- Diffusion
- Movement of particles across a semi permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration to reach an equilibrium
- Cell membranes allow small dissolved substances to pass through from a high concentration to a low concentration
- Osmosis
- Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane to dilute a high concentration solution
- Solutions with more water in the cell than outside, are called Hypertonic. Water will move out of the cell
- A plant sell would be called Turgid. The cell wall keeps the plant supported.
- Solutions with more water in the cell than outside, are called Hypertonic. Water will move out of the cell
- Solutions with more water outside the cell than in are called Hypotonic. Water will move into the cell.
- Solutions with the same concentration of water both inside and outside the cell are called Isotonic. Water will not move
- Solutions with more water in the cell than outside, are called Hypertonic. Water will move out of the cell
- A plant sell would be called Turgid. The cell wall keeps the plant supported.
- Solutions with more water in the cell than outside, are called Hypertonic. Water will move out of the cell
- A plant cell would be called Flaccid, then would Plasmolyse (shrink)
- Solutions with the same concentration of water both inside and outside the cell are called Isotonic. Water will not move
- Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane to dilute a high concentration solution
- Active Transport
- The movement of substances against the concentration gradient, travelling from a low concentration to a high concentration
- Root hair cells use active transport to allow the plant to absorb minerals from a very dilute solution
- In humans, where there is a low concentration of nutrients in the blood, the glucose and amino acids will diffuse into the blood, against the concentration gradient
- The movement of substances against the concentration gradient, travelling from a low concentration to a high concentration
- Movement of particles across a semi permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration to reach an equilibrium
- Cells
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