Cells
- Created by: farahh24
- Created on: 05-09-18 15:35
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- Cells
- Organelles
- Nucleus
- contains genetic information in the form of DNA molecules
- double membrane, including pores that allow mRNA to escape
- has nucleolus within - produces ribosomes
- REM and SEM
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - fat synthesis and storage
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum - has ribosomes bound to surface, synthesis and transport of proteins
- Golgi apparatus
- compact structure of cisternae, modifies proteins.
- Cytoskeleton
- Microfilament - contractile fibres with actin protein. Responsible for cell contraction in cytokinesis
- Microtubules - globular tubulin proteins, form tubes that form scaffold-like structure determining shape of cell. Form spindle fibres
- Intermediate fibres - maintain integrity of cells
- Centrioles
- Composed of microtubules, form centrosome, involved in organisation of spindle fibres
- Nucleus
- Plant-exclusive organelles
- Cell wall
- Made of cellulose, permeable, rigid to maintain cell structure
- Vacuoles
- membrane-lined sacs, maintain water potential, store nutrients, selectively permeable
- Chloroplasts
- Responsible for photosynthesis, double membrane. Contain chlorophyll
- Fluid enclosed is stroma. Flattened sacs are thylokoid. Thylokoids stacked together are granum. Grana are joined by membranes called lamellae.
- Responsible for photosynthesis, double membrane. Contain chlorophyll
- Cell wall
- Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Ribosomes
- Prokaryotic: 70S Eukaryotic: 80S
- DNA
- Prokaryotic: single chromosome, circular DNA supercoiled, no nucleus. Extra chromosomal DNA in plasmids.
- Eukaryotic: linear DNA in nucleus, extra chromosomal DNA present only in certain organelles, e.g. chloroplasts, mitochondria
- Prokaryotic: unicellular. Eukaryotic: unicellular or multicellular
- Cell wall
- Prokaryotic: peptidoglycan
- Eukaryotic: chitin, cellulose or not present
- Ribosomes
- Organelles
- QUESTIONS
- DNA organisation? prokaryotic: proteins fold and condense DNA. Eukaryotic: associated with proteins called histones
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